STATISTICS: UNITED STATES

United States Official name: United States of America. Form of government: federal republic with two legislative houses (Senate ; House of Representatives ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Washington, D.C. Official language: none. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 dollar (U.S.$) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 0.59; 1 = U.S.$1.70. Demography Population (1998){2}: 270,262,000. Density (1998){2}: persons per sq mi 73.5, persons per sq km 28.4. Urban-rural (1996): urban 76.4%; rural 23.6%. Sex distribution (1996): male 48.93%; female 51.07%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 21.8%; 15-29, 20.8%; 30-44, 24.4%; 45-59, 16.5%; 60-74, 10.8%; 75 and over, 5.7%. Population projection: (2000) 274,894,000; (2010) 297,976,000. Doubling time: not applicable; doubling time exceeds 100 years. Population by race and Hispanic{3} origin (1996): non-Hispanic white 73.1%; non-Hispanic black 12.0%; Hispanic 10.7%; Asian and Pacific Islander 3.5%; American Indian and Eskimo 0.7%. Religious affiliation (1995): Christian 85.3%, of which Protestant 57.9%, Roman Catholic 21.0%, other Christian 6.4%; Jewish 2.1%; Muslim 1.9%; nonreligious 8.7%; other 2.0%. Mobility (1996). Population living in the same residence as in 1995: 84.0%; different residence, same county 10.0%; different county, same state 3.0%; different state 3.0%; moved from abroad 1.0%. Households (1996). Total households 99,627,000 (married-couple families 53,567,000 ). Average household size (1995) 2.6; 1 person 25.0%, 2 persons 32.1%, 3 persons 17.0%, 4 persons 15.5%, 5 or more persons 10.4%. Family households: 69,594,000 (69.8%); nonfamily 30,033,000 (30.2%), of which 1-person 82.9%. Immigration (1995{4}): permanent immigrants admitted 720,500, from Mexico 12.5%, Philippines 7.1%, Vietnam 5.8%, Dominican Republic 5.3%, China 4.9%, India 4.8%, Cuba 2.5%, Ukraine 2.4%, Jamaica 2.3%, South Korea 2.2%, Russia 2.0%, Poland 1.9%, Haiti 1.8%, Canada 1.8%, United Kingdom 1.7%, El Salvador 1.6%, Colombia 1.5%. Refugee arrivals (1995{4}): 114,664. Major cities (1996): New York 7,380,906; Los Angeles 3,553,638; Chicago 2,721,547; Houston 1,744,058; Philadelphia 1,478,002; San Diego 1,171,121; Phoenix 1,159,014; San Antonio 1,067,816; Dallas 1,053,292; Detroit 1,000,272. Place of birth (1990): native-born 227,078,000 (91.3%); foreign-born 21,632,000 (8.7%), of which Mexico 4,447,000, Germany (East and West) 1,163,000, Philippines 998,000, Canada 871,000, United Kingdom 765,000, Cuba 751,000, South Korea 663,000, Italy 640,000, Vietnam 556,000, China 543,000, India 463,000, Japan 422,000, Poland 397,000, U.S.S.R. 337,000. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 14.9 (world avg. 25.0); (1994) legitimate 67.4%; illegitimate 32.6%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 5.7 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 2.1. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1996): 8.8; median age at first marriage (1991): men 26.3 years, women 24.1 years. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1996): 4.3 Life expectancy at birth (1995): white male 73.4 years, black and other male 67.5{5} years; white female 79.6 years, black and other female 75.8{5} years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1997{6}): cardiovascular diseases 353.9, of which ischemic heart disease 177.3, cerebrovascular diseases 60.0, atherosclerosis 10.0; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 202.4; diseases of the respiratory system 72.0, of which pneumonia 31.2; accidents and adverse effects 34.1, of which motor-vehicle accidents 16.5; diabetes mellitus 23.3; suicide 11.5; AIDS 10.6; chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 9.3. Morbidity rates of infectious diseases per 100,000 population (1995): chlamydia 181.6; gonorrhea 149.3; chicken pox 45.8; AIDS 27.2; syphilis 26.2; salmonellosis 17.4; shigellosis 12.2; hepatitis A (infectious) 12.0; tuberculosis 8.7; lyme disease 4.4.; hepatitis B (serum) 4.1; aseptic meningitis 3.4{5}; pertussis 1.9. Incidence of chronic health conditions per 1,000 population (1994): chronic sinusitus 133.9; arthritis 128.3; deformities or orthopedic impairments 119.2; hypertension 108.3; hay fever 100.3; hearing impairment 85.9; heart conditions 85.5; asthma 55.9; chronic bronchitis 53.8; migraine 43.2. Social indicators Educational attainment (1996). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: some primary 9.3%; incomplete secondary 16.5%; secondary 35.1%; some postsecondary 25.5%; 4-year higher degree or more 13.6%. Number of earned degrees (1995): bachelor's degree 1,192,000; master's degree 405,000; doctor's degree 43,000; first-professional degrees (in fields such as medicine, theology, and law) 77,000. Quality of working life (1996). Average workweek: 39.2 hours. Annual rate per 100,000 workers for (1995): injury or accident 2,720; death 4.0. Proportion of labour force insured for damages or income loss resulting from: injury, permanent disability, and death (1988) 56.6%. Average days per 1,000 workdays lost to labour stoppages (1996): 1.6. Average duration of journey to work (1990): 22.4 minutes (private automobile 94.7%, of which drive alone 80.0%, carpool 14.7%; take public transportation 5.3%). Rate per 1,000 employed workers of discouraged workers (unemployed no longer seeking work; 1992): 6.9. Access to services (1995). Proportion of occupied dwellings having access to: electricity, virtually 100.0%; safe public water supply 99.4% (12.6% from wells); public sewage collection 77.0%; septic tanks 22.8%. Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last presidential election (1996): 48.9%. Population age 18 and over participating in voluntary work (1995): 48.8%. Trade-union membership in total workforce (1996): 14.5%. Practicing religious population in total affiliated population (church attendance; 1987) once a week 47%; once in six months 67%; once a year 74%. Social deviance (1995{6}). Offense rate per 100,000 population for: murder 8.2; rape 37.1; robbery 221.0; aggravated assault 418.0; motor-vehicle theft 561.0; burglary and housebreaking 988.0; larceny-theft 3,045.0; drug-abuse violation 434.2; drunkenness 200.2. Drug and substance users (population age 26 and over; 1994): alcohol 41.2%; tobacco (cigarettes) 33.5%; marijuana 16.0%; cocaine 0.4%; analgesics 1.3%; tranquilizers 0.2%; stimulants 0.4%; hallucinogens 1.2%; heroin, n.a. Rate per 100,000 population of suicide (1997): 11.5. Leisure (1992). Favourite leisure activities (percentage of total population age 18 and over that undertook activity at least once in the previous year): movie 59.0%, amusement park 50.0%, sports event 37.0%, live theatre 31.0%, art museum 27.0%; reading literature 54.0%, playing sports 39.0%. Material well-being (1995). Occupied dwellings with householder possessing: automobile 84.9%{7}; telephone 93.9%; radio receiver 99.0%; television receiver 98.3%; air conditioner 68.4%{8}; washing machine 77.1%{8}; video-cassette recorder 81.0%; cable television 63.4%. Recreational expenditures (1995): U.S.$401,700,000,000 (television and radio receivers, computers, and video equipment 23.2%; sports supplies 10.9%; nondurable toys and sports equipment 10.6%; golfing, bowling, and other participatory activities 9.2%; magazines and newspapers 6.3%; books and maps 5.2%; spectator amusements 5.0%, of which theatre and opera 2.2%, movies 1.4%, spectator sports 1.3%; flowers, seeds, and potted plants 3.5%). National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: U.S.$1,577,700,000 (individual income tax 46.4%, social-insurance taxes and contributions 34.1%, corporation income tax 11.8%, other 7.7%). Expenditures: U.S.$1,615,000,000,000 (social security and medicare 34.5%, defense 16.6%, interest on debt 15.2%, income security 14.4%, health 7.8%, other 11.5%). Total national debt (1998): U.S.$5,516,800,000,000. Gross national product (at current market prices; 1996): U.S.$7,567,100,000,000 (U.S.$28,495 per capita). Business activity (1994): number of businesses 21,989,000 (sole proprietorships 73.5%, active corporations 19.7%, active partnerships 6.8%), of which services 9,488,000, wholesaling and retailing 4,213,000; business receipts $14,380,000,000,000 (active corporations 89.4%, sole proprietorships 5.5%, active partnerships 5.1%), of which wholesaling and retailing $4,343,000,000,000, services $1,602,000,000,000; net profit $827,000,000,000 (active corporations 69.8%, sole proprietorships 20.2%, partnerships 10.0%), of which services $167,700,000,000, wholesaling and retailing $88,600,000,000. New business starts and business failures (1995): total number of new business starts 168,158; total failures 71,194, of which commercial service 21,850, retail trade 12,952; failure rate per 10,000 concerns 90.0; current liabilities of failed concerns $37,507,000,000; average liability $526,830. Business expenditures for new plant and equipment (1995): total $594,465,000,000, of which trade, services, and communications $244,829,000,000, manufacturing businesses $172,308,000,000 (durable goods 53.0%, nondurable goods 47.0%), public utilities $42,816,000,000, transportation $37,021,000,000, mining and construction $35,985,000. Production. Agriculture, forestry, fishing (value of production/catch in U.S.$'000,000 except as noted; 1996): corn (maize) 24,853, soybeans 16,276, wheat 9,764, cotton lint 6,524, tobacco 2,938, potatoes 2,515, grapes 2,242, sorghum 2,053, oranges 1,895, apples 1,840, rice 1,612, lettuce 1,423, barley 1,091, sugar beets 1,071, almonds 1,048, peanuts (groundnuts) 964, cotton seed 934, tomatoes 879, sugarcane 860, strawberries 770, dry beans 680, onions 590, bell peppers 461, sunflower seeds 405, cantaloupes 401, broccoli 396, peaches 378, carrots 347, grapefruit 310, oats 309, pears 297, watermelon 276, lemons 252, cabbage 245; livestock (number of live animals; 1997) 101,209,000 cattle, 56,171,000 pigs, 8,303,000 sheep, 6,150,000 horses, 1,553,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1996) 495,305,000 cu m; fish and shellfish catch (1995) 3,770, of which fish 2,136 (including salmon 527, Alaska pollack 266), shellfish 1,634 (including shrimp 570, crabs 512). Mining (metal content in metric tons except as noted; 1996): iron 39,342,000; copper 1,910,000; zinc 620,000; lead 430,000; molybdenum 57,000; vanadium 2,700; mercury 550; silver 1,800,000 kg; gold 325,000 kg; helium 101,000,000 cu m. Quarrying (metric tons; 1996): crushed stone 1,300,000,000; sand and gravel 992,000,000; cement 75,000,000; clay 44,000,000; phosphate rock 43,000,000; common salt 40,000,000; gypsum 17,000,000; lime 18,900,000. Manufacturing (1995): motor vehicles 238,384; aircraft 104,858; meat products 94,072; industrial machinery 79,439; electronic components 73,642; pharmaceuticals 67,792; computer and office equipment 66,708; commercial printing 56,229; medical instruments 39,535; cigarettes 29,745; missiles and space vehicles 29,508; photographic equipment 22,119; household furniture 20,508; household appliances 18,633; ships and boats 15,249; toys and sporting goods 12,123; audio and video equipment 10,614. Construction (completed; 1996): private U.S.$427,776,000,000, of which residential U.S.$246,899,000,000, nonresidential U.S.$140,692,000,000; public U.S.$141,132,000,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 3,268,250,000,000 (3,312,888,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 937,580,000 (843,873,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 2,464,000,000 (5,024,000,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 704,201,000 (737,681,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 530,014,000,000 (592,209,000,000). Domestic production of energy by source (1994): coal 31.2%, natural gas 27.6%, crude petroleum 19.9%, other{9} 21.3%. Energy consumption by source (1994): petroleum and petroleum products 38.8%, natural gas 24.0%, coal 22.0%, other{9} 15.2%; by end use: industrial 38.0%, residential and commercial 35.0%, transportation 26.5%. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1995) 2.6; average (median) annual income per household U.S.$34,076, of which average white household U.S.$35,766, average Hispanic{3} household U.S.$22,860, average black household U.S.$22,393; sources of income: wages and salaries 55.8%, transfer payments 16.5%, self-employment 7.9%, other 19.8%; expenditure: transportation 18.6%, housing 18.4%, food 14.0%, fuel and utilities 6.8%, household furnishings 5.9%, recreation 5.5%, health 5.4%, wearing apparel 5.3%, education 1.5%, other 18.6%. Average annual expenditure of "consumer units" (households, plus individuals sharing households or budgets; 1995): total U.S.$32,277, of which housing U.S.$10,465, transportation U.S.$6,016, food U.S.$4,505, pensions and social security U.S.$2,593, health care U.S.$1,732, clothing U.S.$1,704, other U.S.$5,262. Selected household characteristics (1996). Total number of households 99,627,000, of which (by race) white 84.8%, black 11.6%, other 3.6%; in central cities 31.4%{5}, in suburbs 46.3%{5}, outside metropolitan areas 22.3%{5}; (by tenure{5}) owned 64,045,000 (64.7%), rented 34,946,000 (35.3%); family households 69,594,000, of which married couple 76.9%, female head with own children{10} under age 18, 11.0%, female head without own children{10} under 18, 7.0%; nonfamily households 30,033,000, of which female living alone 48.6%, male living alone 34.2%, other 17.2%. Population economically active (1996): total 133,943,000{11}; activity rate of total population 50.4% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 79.4%; female 48.8%; unemployed 5.4%). Tourism (1996): receipts from visitors U.S.$84,133,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad U.S.$68,976,000,000; number of foreign visitors (1995) 42,993,000 (13,668,000 from Canada, 9,610,000 from Mexico, 8,803,000 from Europe); number of nationals traveling abroad (1995) 47,419,000 (15,759,000 to Mexico, 12,920,000 to Canada). Land use (1994): forested 32.3%; meadows and pastures 26.1%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 20.5%; other 21.0%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): U.S.$803,239,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 44.6%, of which motor vehicles and parts 16.0%; office and data-processing machines 15.8%; petroleum and petroleum products 9.0%; wearing apparel 5.8%; food and live animals 4.4%; chemicals and related products 3.3%). Major import sources: Canada 19.8%; Japan 14.3%; Mexico 9.4%; China 6.4%; Germany 4.8%; Taiwan 3.7%; United Kingdom 3.6%; South Korea 2.8%; Singapore 2.5%; France 2.3%; Malaysia 2.2%; Italy 2.2%; Thailand 1.4%; Hong Kong 1.2%; Brazil 1.1%. Exports (1996): U.S.$612,069,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 46.6%, of which motor vehicles and parts 11.9%; chemicals and related products 7.2%; food and live animals 6.9%; scientific and precision equipment 3.0%). Major export destinations: Canada 22.0%; Japan 10.8%; Mexico 9.3%; United Kingdom 4.9%; South Korea 4.2%; Germany 3.8%; Taiwan 2.9%; The Netherlands 2.7%; Singapore 2.6%; France 2.4%; Hong Kong 2.3%; Belgium 2.1%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length{5} 137,900 mi, 222,000 km; passenger-mi 13,897,000,000, passenger-km 22,365,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 1,305,685,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 1,906,268,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 3,912,226 mi, 6,296,130 km (paved 91.0%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 134,803,000; trucks and buses 66,727,000. Merchant marine (1996): vessels (1,000 gross tons and over) 509; total deadweight tonnage 18,585,000. Air transport (1995): passenger-mi 540,400,000,000, passenger-km 869,700,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 14,568,400,000, metric ton-km cargo 21,269,500,000; localities (1996) with scheduled flights 834{12}. Certified route passenger/cargo air carriers (1992) 77; operating revenue (U.S.$'000,000; 1991) 74,942, of which domestic 56,119, international 18,823; operating expenses 76,669, of which domestic 56,596, international 20,073. Education and health Literacy: studies in the late 1980s indicated that adult "functional" literacy may not exceed 85%. Health (1995): doctors of medicine 720,300{13} (1 per 365 persons), of which office-based practice 427,300 (including specialties in internal medicine 17.0%, general and family practice 14.0%, pediatrics 7.9%, obstetrics and gynecology 6.8%, general surgery 5.6%, psychiatry 5.4%, anesthesiology 5.6%, orthopedics 4.0%, ophthalmology 4.3%); doctors of osteopathy 35,700; nurses 2,116,000 (1 per 124 persons); dentists 190,000 (1 per 1,385 persons); hospital beds 1,081,000 (1 per 243 persons), of which nonfederal 92.9% (community hospitals 80.8%, psychiatric 10.2%, long-term general and special 1.8%), federal 7.1%; infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 7.2. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,603 (vegetable products 72%, animal products 28%); 136% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Per capita consumption of major food groups (kilograms annually; 1995): milk 255.7; fresh fruits 123.2; cereal products 114.5; fresh vegetables 110.4; red meat 74.8; sweeteners 69.3; potatoes 58.7; poultry products 43.8; fats and oils 30.8; fish and shellfish 21.8. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 1,447,600 (army 34.2%, navy 27.3%, air force 26.4%, marines 12.1%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 3.8% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$1,056. Military aid (1993): total $4,143,000,000 (Middle East 76.2%, of which Israel 43.4%, Egypt 31.4%; Europe 20.8%, of which Turkey 10.9%; Latin America 1.8%). {1} Excludes 5 delegates having only committee voting privileges. {2} Includes military personnel residing overseas. {3} Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. {4} Fiscal year ending September 30. {5} 1994. {6} Data for 12-month period ending February 28. {7} 1988. {8} 1993. {9} Includes hydroelectric, nuclear, and geothermal power. {10} "Own children" includes adopted children and stepchildren. {11} Excludes military personnel overseas. {12} Includes 292 localities in Alaska. {13} 646,000 professionally active.