born Oct. 15, 1940, Australia
Australian immunologist and pathologist.
He earned a Ph.D. at the University of Edinburgh. With Rolf M. Zinkernagel , he found that T cell s from mice infected with a meningitis virus destroyed virus-infected cells only from the same strain of mice, and he showed that T cells must recognize two signals on an infected cell
one from the virus and one from the cell's own antigens
to destroy it. For the new understanding of general cellular immune mechanisms enabled by their research, the two men shared a 1996 Nobel Prize.