Organization of most of the states of western Europe, formed in 1993, to oversee their economic and political integration.
It was created by the Maastricht Treaty and ratified by all members of the European Community (EC), out of which the EU developed. The successful EC had made its members more receptive to greater integration and provided a framework for unified action by member countries in security and foreign policy and for cooperation in police and justice matters. In pursuit of its major goal to create a common monetary system, the EU established the euro , which replaced the national currencies of 12 of the 15 EU members in 2002. Its principal institutions are the European Community, the Council of Ministers (its forum for individual ministries), the European Commission (its administrative bureaucracy), the European Parliament , the European Court of Justice , and the European Central Bank.