born April 14, 1886, West Newton, Mass., U.S.
died Nov. 19, 1959, Berkeley, Calif.
U.S. psychologist.
He taught at the University of California at Berkeley (191854). Although he was a behaviourist, he considered classical behaviourism too reductive, and he therefore emphasized behavioral wholes and unmeasurable "intervening variables" over a strict focus on isolated reflexes. He also advanced the concept of "latent learning" (implicit, indirect learning). His major work was Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men (1932).