or chemical dependency
Physical and/or psychological dependency on a psychoactive (mind-altering) substance (e.g., alcohol, nicotine ), defined as continued use despite knowing that the substance causes harm.
Physical dependency results when the body builds up a tolerance to a drug, needing increasing doses to achieve the desired effects and to prevent withdrawal symptoms. Psychological dependency may have more to do with one's psychological makeup; some people may have a genetic tendency to addiction. The most common addictions are to alcohol (see alcoholism ), barbiturates , tranquilizers , and amphetamines , as well as to the stimulants nicotine and caffeine . Initial treatment (detoxification) should be conducted with medical supervision. Individual and group psychotherapy are critical elements. {{link=Alcoholics Anonymous">Alcoholics Anonymous and similar support groups can increase the success rate of other efforts. The ability to admit addiction and the will to change are necessary first steps.