born Nov. 22, 1881, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
died Aug. 4, 1922, Baldzhuan, Turkistan
Soldier and politician in the Ottoman Empire .
He was one of the Young Turks who deposed the Ottoman sultan Abdülhamid II in 1908. He later served as governor of Banghāzī, Libya (1912), chief of staff of the Ottoman army in the Second Balkan War (1913), and minister of war during World War I (1914–18). A rival of Red Army .