(с 13th–16th century) Berber dynasty.
It was founded by a governor of the Almohad dynasty , Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā, in north-central Africa с 1229. His son Mustanṣir (r. 1249–77) enlarged the empire to its peak of power and prestige. It had trade relations with Italian, Spanish, and Provençal communities despite the fact that it also ran pirate operations in the Mediterranean Sea. It resisted periodic invasions by the Marīnid dynasty . Dynastic struggles after 1452 weakened the Ḥafṣids. Spanish and Turkish forces later competed for the Ḥafṣid territory, and the Ottoman Empire incorporated its land into a province in 1574.