I
Modular programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995 specifically for the Internet .
Java is based on the idea that the same software should run on many different kinds of computers, consumer gadgets, and other devices; its code is translated according to the needs of the machine on which it is running. The most visible examples of Java software are the interactive programs called "applets" that animate sites on the World Wide Web , where Java is a standard creative tool. Java provides an interface to HTML .
II
Indonesian Djawa
Island (pop., 2000 prelim.: 121,352,608), Indonesia.
Lying southeast of Sumatra , it is Indonesia's fourth largest island, and it contains more than half of the country's population. Its area, including offshore Madura Island, is 49,228 sq mi (127,499 sq km). The capital of Java and of Indonesia is Jakarta . The island's highest point is Mount Semeru, an active volcano measuring 12,060 ft (3,676 m) high. It is inhabited by three major ethnic groups: the Javanese (who constitute 70% of the population), the Sundanese, and the Madurese. The fossilized remains of Homo erectus , or "Java man," indicate that the island was occupied some 800,000 years ago. Indian traders began arriving in the 1st century AD, bringing Hindu influences. The Majapahit dynasty was founded in eastern Java in 1293; it fell early in the 16th century when Muslim kingdoms arose. In 1619 the Dutch {{link=East India Co., Dutch">East India Company took control of Batavia (Jakarta) and extended its influence. Ruled by the Dutch until the 1940s when it was occupied by Japan, it became part of newly independent Indonesia in 1950.