State (pop., 2001 prelim.: 56,473,122), northwestern India.
Bordered by Pakistan and the states of Punjab , Haryana , Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh , and Gujarat , it covers an area of 132,139 sq mi (342,239 sq km); its capital is Jaipur . Archaeological evidence shows continuous human habitation for about 100,000 years. In the 7th–11th centuries AD, several Rajput dynasties arose, reaching their height in the 16th century. The emperor Akbar brought the Rajput states into the Mughal Empire. In the 19th century, the British came into control of the region. After Indian independence (1947), the area was organized as the Union of Rajasthan, then reorganized in 1956. It is dominated by the Aravalli Range and the Thar Desert . Predominantly an agricultural and pastoral state, it is the largest producer of wool in India.