I
In the Bible and the
In the apocryphal book of Tobit he appears in human disguise and conquers the demon Asmodeus. His name in Hebrew means "God has healed," and in Tobit his business is to heal the earth. Raphael is reckoned among the saints in both Eastern and Western churches, and his feast day is October 24.
II
orig. Raffaello Sanzio
born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino
died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States
Italian painter and architect.
As a member of Perugino 's workshop, he established his mastery by 17 and began receiving important commissions. In 1504 he moved to Florence, where he executed many of his famous Madonnas; his unity of composition and suppression of inessentials is evident in The Madonna of the Goldfinch (с 1506). Though influenced by Leonardo da Vinci 's chiaroscuro and sfumato, his figure types were his own creation, with round, gentle faces that reveal human sentiments raised to a sublime serenity. In 1508 he was summoned to Rome to decorate a suite of papal chambers in the Vatican. The frescoes in the Stanza della Segnatura are probably his greatest work; the most famous, The School of Athens (1510–11), is a complex and magnificently ordered allegory of secular knowledge showing Greek philosophers in an architectural setting. The Madonnas he painted in Rome show him turning away from his earlier work's serenity to emphasize movement and grandeur, partly under Michelangelo 's High Renaissance influence. The Sistine Madonna (1513) shows the richness of colour and new boldness of compositional invention typical of his Roman period. He became the most important portraitist in Rome, designed 10 large tapestries to hang in the Sistine Chapel , designed a church and a chapel, assumed the direction of work on {{link=Saint Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica at the death of Donato Bramante , and took charge of virtually all the papacy's projects in architecture, painting, and the preservation of antiquities. When he died on his 37th birthday, his last masterpiece, the Transfiguration altarpiece, was placed at the head of his bier.
III
[c mediumvioletred] (as used in expressions)
Hirsch Samson Raphael
Holinshed Raphael
Mengs Anton Raphael
Semmes Raphael