ALASKA PURCHASE

(1867), acquisition by the United States from Russia of 586,412 square miles (1,518,800 square km) of land at the northwestern tip of the North American continent. William Henry Seward, secretary of state under President Andrew Johnson, had as early as 1860 dreamed of acquiring Alaska. The territory was considered an economic liability by the Russians, and in December 1866 Baron Eduard de Stoeckl, Russian minister to the United States, was instructed to open negotiations with Seward for its sale. On March 29, 1867, Stoeckl and Seward completed the draft of a treaty ceding Russian North America to the United States, and the treaty was signed early the following day. The price$7,200,000amounted to about two cents per acre. Few Americans, however, viewed the purchase as a bargain, and Seward was vilified in the press. Seward's Icebox and Seward's Folly were the two most popular names for the Alaska Purchase, and ratification by the the Senate and funding by the House of Representatives seemed in jeopardy as a result of the public outrage. The treaty was submitted for ratification on March 30. Senator Charles Sumner spoke in its favour, and the treaty was passed on April 9. The House passed the necessary appropriation on July 14, 1868. Extensive propaganda campaigns and judicious use of bribes by Stoeckl secured the required votes in each house of Congress.