BATHURST

city, seat (1826) of Gloucester county, northeastern New Brunswick, Canada. It lies at the mouth of the Nepisiguit River, on Bathurst Harbour, a southern arm of Nepisiguit Bay. The original French settlement, founded in 1619, was called Nepisiguit and then St. Peters. After 1755 the British displaced the French, and in the 1820s the community was renamed to honour the 3rd Earl Bathurst, then secretary for war and the colonies. The city's economy is based mainly upon lumbering and fishing. A pulp mill was built in the early part of the 20th century, and the manufacture of pulp and boxboard continues to be the major industry. Since 1953 the mining of local base-metal ore deposits has been of growing significance. The Sacred Heart Church became a cathedral in 1942 after the episcopal see was transferred from Chatham. Youghal Beach, a popular summer resort on Nepisiguit Bay at the entrance to Bathurst Harbour, is about 7 miles (11 km) north. Inc. town, 1912; city, 1966. Pop. (1991) 14,409. city, east-central New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the south bank of the Macquarie River, west of the Blue Mountains. Founded in 1815 and named after the 3rd Earl Bathurst, then secretary for war and the colonies, it is the oldest settlement west of the Great Dividing Range. Initially its growth was slow, but the population increased rapidly following the announcement of the discovery of gold in the vicinity in 1851. Declared a town in 1833, Bathurst was proclaimed a borough in 1862 and became a city in 1885. Bathurst is now the service centre of a district producing sheep, grains, timber, fruits, and vegetables. Its industries include railway and precision-engineering works, flour mills, and canning, clothing, footwear, plastics, furniture, and ceramics plants. Bathurst lies at the junction of the Mitchell and Mid and Great Western highways and on the main rail line to Sydney (100 miles southeast). The city has Roman Catholic and Anglican cathedrals, a memorial carillon tower, and the Mitchell College of Advanced Education (1970). Pop. (1991) 24,682.