CEFAL

Norman cathedral, Cefal, Sicily town and episcopal see, Palermo provincia, northern Sicily, Italy. It lies at the foot of a 1,233-foot (376-metre) promontory along the Tyrrhenian Sea, east of Palermo city. It originated as the ancient Cephalaedium, which was probably founded as an outpost of the Greek city of Himera and first appeared in history about 395 BC as an ally of the Carthaginian leader Himilco. Valued for its strategic position on the height of the promontory, the ancient town was in turn conquered by the Syracusan tyrants Dionysius I the Elder and Agathocles and by the Carthaginians, from whom the Romans seized it in 254 BC. A new town was founded at the foot of the promontory by the Norman king Roger II in AD 1131, the year in which Cefal's famous cathedral was begun. The exterior of the cathedral is well preserved, with massive four-story towers on each side of the facade. The cathedral's interior was considerably restored in the 16th and 17th centuries. The Byzantine-style mosaics in the apse and in the first spaces between the arches of the choir (1148) are among the most beautiful in Sicily. Among ancient remains in the area are included the so-called temple of Diana, a pre-Hellenic sanctuary of megalithic construction (9th or 8th century BC) on the promontory site of the ancient city, and portions of a megalithic wall dating from the 6th century BC. The Mandralisca Museum contains archaeological and art collections. A port and road and rail junction, Cefal is a tourist centre. Grapes, olives, and citrus fruits are cultivated. Fishing is important, and there is a canning industry. Pop. (1991 prelim.) mun., 13,791.