CHARLOTTE AMALIE

formerly Saint Thomas, capital of the U.S. Virgin Islands and of St. Thomas Island, at the head of St. Thomas Harbour, on the island's southern shore. The largest city in the Virgin Islands, it is built on three low volcanic spurs called Frenchman Hill (Foretop Hill), Berg Hill (Maintop), and Government Hill (Mizzentop). There are several examples of Danish colonial architecture. Two castles, attributed to the 18th-century pirates Blackbeard (Edward Teach) and the half-legendary Bluebeard, overlook the harbour. Established as a Danish colony in 1672, it was called Charlotte Amalie, or Amalienborg, for the Danish queen. The name was changed to St. Thomas in 1921, but its former name was restored in 1936. The harbour, protected by Hassel Island, has docking and fueling facilities, machine shops, and shipyards and is also a U.S. submarine base. The economy is based on tourism, handicrafts, and the production of rum, bay rum, and jams. The population is predominantly black, but there is a considerable minority group of French Huguenot origin who have lived there for many generations. Pop. (1980) 11,842.