CROUP

acute affliction of young children characterized by a harsh cough, hoarseness, and difficult breathing, most often caused by an infection of the upper airway in the region of the larynx (voice box). Some cases result from allergy or physical irritation of the larynx. The symptoms are caused by inflammation of the laryngeal membranes and spasms of the laryngeal muscles. Viral infections are the most common cause of croup. Such infections are most prevalent among children under the age of three years, and they strike most frequently in late fall and winter. Generally, the onset of viral croup is preceded by the symptoms of the common cold for several days. Most victims can be treated at home with the inhalation of cool mist from an appropriate vaporizer. In cases of severe airway obstruction, hospitalization may be necessary. Bacterial croup, also called epiglottitis, is a more serious condition. It generally strikes children between the ages of three and seven years. The onset is rapid, and the victim develops great difficulty in breathing and swallowing. These symptoms result from swelling of the epiglottis, which takes on a characteristic cherry-red appearance. Children with epiglottitis require prompt medical attention. An artificial airway must be opened, preferably by inserting a tube down the windpipe. Patients are given antibiotics, which generally relieve the inflammation within 24 to 72 hours.