CUSHMAN, JOSEPH AUGUSTINE

born Jan. 31, 1881, Bridgewater, Mass., U.S. died April 16, 1949, Sharon, Mass. U.S. paleontologist known for his work on paleoecology as shown by Foraminifera (marine protozoans). Cushman was a member of the U.S. Geological Survey and museum director for the Boston Society of Natural History from 1913 until 1923, when he founded the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research in Sharon. He was a faculty member of Harvard University from 1926 until 1940. He wrote The Foraminifera: Their Classification and Economic Use (1928). Cushman's work helped to advance the study of Foraminifera as a stratigraphic tool and a major factor in petroleum exploration.