DELAUNAY, SONIA

ne Sofia Ilinitchna Terk born Nov. 14, 1885, Gradizhsk, Ukraine, Russian Empire died Dec. 5, 1979, Paris painter, illustrator, and textile designer who was a pioneer of abstract art in the years before World War I. She was the wife and collaborator of the French painter Robert Delaunay. She grew up in St. Petersburg, studied drawing in Karlsruhe, and then moved to Paris, where she was influenced by the Post-Impressionists and the Fauvists. She married Robert Delaunay in 1910, by which time she was painting in the style known as Orphism, which involved the harmonious juxtaposition of areas of pure colour. She extended Orphist principles to the design of fabrics, pottery decoration, theatrical design, and other applied arts. Among her most important works were her Orphist illustrations for a poem by Blaise Cendrars entitled La Prose du Transsibrien; the resulting volume was a landmark in modern book production. During the 1920s Delaunay designed textiles and dresses, and her use of abstract colour harmonies had a strong influence on international fashions. She returned to painting in the 1930s, and with her husband she designed vast murals for the Paris Exposition of 1937. After her husband's death in 1941, Delaunay continued to work as a painter and designer, and she lived to see the mounting of retrospectives of her work by major museums from the 1950s on. In 1964 she became the only woman to have had an exhibition at the Louvre Museum in her own lifetime.