DUDLEY, THOMAS

born 1576, Northampton, Eng. died July 31, 1653, Roxbury, Mass. British colonial governor of Massachusetts, for many years the most influential man in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, save John Winthrop. Dudley was the son of a country gentleman in England and for a time was the steward of the earl of Lincoln's estates. After being converted to Puritanism he joined with other Lincolnshire gentlemen in 1629, entering into an agreement to settle in New England provided they were allowed to take a charter with them. This proposal the general court of the Massachusetts Bay Company agreed to, and in April 1630 Dudley sailed to America in the same ship with Winthrop, the newly appointed governor. Dudley was elected deputy governor 13 times between 1629 and 1650, and served as governor 4 times. Soon after his arrival in the colony Dudley settled at New Towne (later Cambridge), which he helped found. He was also one of the promoters of the plan to establish Harvard College. Winthrop's decision to make Boston instead of New Towne the capital precipitated the first of many quarrels between the two and prompted Dudley to move his residence to Roxbury. From Dudley, an earnest and persistent heresy hunter, New England Puritanism derived some of its harshest aspects; his sterner Puritanism stood in strong contrast to Winthrop's more tolerant and liberal views.