FITZGERALD, PENELOPE

born Dec. 17, 1916, Lincoln, Eng. died April 28, 2000, London ne Penelope Knox English novelist and biographer noted for her deft characterizations and for her ability to note the telling detail. Although most of her fiction is short, it is intricate in plot. Fitzgerald's father, Edmund Knox, was the editor of Punch; her uncle Ronald translated the Bible and wrote detective stories. After her graduation from Somerville College, Oxford, in 1939, she worked as a journalist and tutor and for the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). She wrote two biographies, Edward Burne-Jones (1975) and The Knox Brothers (1977), before publishing her first work of fiction. In 1984 she published a biography of poet Charlotte Mew, Charlotte Mew and Her Friends. Fitzgerald's first novel, The Golden Child (1977), is a detective story of murder in a museum. The Bookshop (1978), a story rife with betrayal, is praised for its mordant wit. In Offshore (1979), Fitzgerald's characters live on houseboats; this taut portrayal of a closed community won her the Booker Prize. Human Voices (1980), a humorous account of the BBC in 1940, successfully evokes wartime Britain. Fitzgerald's later works include At Freddie's (1982), about a school for child actors; Innocence (1986), a love story set in Florence; The Beginning of Spring (1988), set in czarist Moscow; and The Gate of Angels (1990). She also edited an unfinished novel by William Morris, The Novel on Blue Paper (1982). In 1995 Fitzgerald published the masterful novel The Blue Flower. Based on the life of German Romantic Novalis, it is an exceptional re-creation of life in 18th-century Saxony and an imaginative view of the poet's perceptions. She won the 1998 National Book Critics Circle Award for the work, becoming the first non-American to receive the honour.