HANDL, JACOB

also called Jacobus Gallus born 1550, Reifnitz, Carniola [now Ribnica, Slovenia] died July 18, 1591, Prague, Bohemia [now in Czech Republic] German-Austrian composer known for his sacred music. A Cistercian monk, Handl traveled in Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, was a member of the Viennese court chapel in 1574, and was choirmaster to the bishop of Olmtz (modern Olomouc, Czech Republic) in 157985. His most notable work is the Opus musicum (1590), a collection of motets for the entire year. His wide-ranging, eclectic style blends archaism and modernity. He rarely used cantus firmus, preferring the then-new Venetian polychoral manner, yet he was equally conversant with earlier imitative techniques. Some of his chromatic transitions foreshadowed the breakup of modality; his five-voice motet Mirabile mysterium contains chromaticism worthy of Don Carlo Gesualdo. He enjoyed word painting in the style of the madrigal, yet he could write the simple Ecce quomodo moritur justus later used by G.F. Handel in his funeral anthem The Ways of Zion Do Mourn.