KUNENE RIVER

also spelled Cunene, river rising in west-central Angola, southwestern Africa, about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Huambo. Its total length is 587 miles (945 km). At Chiamelu to the south the Kunene flows in a steep granite bed but leaves the granite uplands at Matala, falling about 42 feet (13 m) before entering the northern portion of the Kalahari Desert, where in the wet season it floods the sands. The Matala Dam raises the river 26 feet (8 m), giving a head of about 68 feet (21 m) for hydroelectric generation. At Olushandja the river turns sharply westward, flowing over a series of rapids, then falling 230 feet (70 m) at Ruacana Falls, where it is dammed for hydropower and irrigation. From that point it forms the boundary between Angola and Namibia. About 50 miles (80 km) west, the river enters its gorge tract through the Zebra and Baynes mountains, which rise to a height of about 7,200 feet (2,200 m), the riverbed being about 4,000 feet (1,200 m) below. In this gorge tract are the Epupa (or Montenegro) Falls, over 100 feet (30 m) high. The Kunene issues from the Baynes Gorge into the Namib Desert, where it generally has a small volume, before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. The river's mouth is lagoonlike and closed in the dry season by a sand bar.