LEWISHAM

inner borough of London. Most of Lewisham belongs to the historic county of Kent, although a small area in the northwest historically belongs to Surrey. It adjoins the boroughs of Southwark (west), Greenwich (east), and Bromley (south) and has a section of River Thames riverfront at Deptford, opposite the Isle of Dogs in Tower Hamlets. Established in 1965 by amalgamation of the metropolitan boroughs of Lewisham and Deptford, it includes the areas and historic villages of (north to south) Deptford, New Cross, Blackheath, Brockley, Lewisham, Lee, Ladywell, Rushey Green, Forest Hill, Hither Green, Catford, Grove Park, Upper Sydenham, Bellingham, Southend, and Sydenham. Its boundaries were altered slightly in 1993. The first record of the place-name Lewisham dates from 862 CE. In Domesday Book (1086), Lewisham village was recorded as Levesham, whereas Deptford was included as Depeford (Deep Ford), and Brockley was written as Brochelie. Lewisham was the site of fashionable mansions in the 17th and 18th centuries. With the construction of suburban railways in the mid-19th century, mansions and rural estates were replaced by middle-class housing and commercial districts. At Deptford in the 1960s, the former Royal Victoria Victualling Yard was redeveloped for housing as Pepys Estate. Goldsmiths College, in New Cross, belonging to the University of London, was founded as a technical institute in 1891 and now specializes in teacher training and the social sciences. In Catford is the Lewisham Concert Hall and Museum, which opened in 1932. The Manor House and Library at Lee has the archives of the borough. Notable residents of the area have included Charles Howard, 1st earl of Nottingham (who, as the lord high admiral, defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588), and the 17th-century author and diarist John Evelyn. Notable public open spaces in Lewisham include the grounds of the Horniman Museum and Gardens, Beckenham Place Park, Black Heath, Ladywell Fields, and Deptford Park. Various light industries and electrical engineering firms are located in the borough, especially along the valley of the River Ravensbourne, and Lewisham village has a major shopping centre. The area has well-developed road, rail, and Underground (subway) systems. Ethnic minorities (mainly Afro-Caribbeans) account for one-fifth of the population. Area 14 square miles (35 square km). Pop. (1998 est.) 243,800.