LUDWIG, EMIL

born Jan. 25, 1881, Breslau, Ger. [now Wroclaw, Pol.] died Sept. 17, 1948, near Ascona, Switz. German writer who is internationally known for his many popular biographies. Ludwig was trained in law but at 25 began writing plays and poems. After serving as foreign correspondent for a German newspaper during World War I, he wrote a novel (Diana, originally published as two works, 191819; Eng. trans., 1929). In 1920 he published a biography of J.W. von Goethe, which established him as a writer in the new school of biography that emphasized the personality of the subject. Ludwig's work has elicited a mixed response. His biographies appearing in English translation include: Napoleon (1927); Bismarck (1927); William Hohenzollern (1927); Goethe (1928); The Son of Man (1928), a highly controversial biography of Christ; Lincoln (1929); Hindenburg (1935); Cleopatra: The Story of a Queen (1937); Roosevelt: A Study in Fortune and Power (1938); Three Portraits: Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin (1940); and Beethoven (1943). Othello (1947) is an imaginative retelling of William Shakespeare's tragedy.