MANGANELLI, GIORGIO

born Nov. 11, 1922, Milan, Italy died May 28, 1990, Rome Italian critical theorist and novelist, one of the leaders of the avant-garde in the 1960s. Manganelli first emerged as a literary innovator in 1964, both as the author of the experimental novel Hilarotragoedia, a phenomenological monologue, and as a member of Gruppo 63 (Group 63), a school of literature that stressed form over content. He also contributed to the avant-garde journals Grammatica (Grammar) and Quindici (Fifteen). In 1967 he published La letteratura come menzogna (Literature as a Lie), a collection of essays that characterized popular literature as nonsocial, artificial, and nonphilosophical. Manganelli's other essay collections include Lunario dell'orfano sannita (1973; Almanac of the Sannite Orphan), Angosce di stile (1981; Anguish of Style), and Laboriose inezie (1986; Arduous Trifles). He also published the correspondence of the poet Giacomo Leopardi, translated the works of Edgar Allan Poe, wrote about the author C. Collodi and the artist Lucio Fontana, and wrote the travel guide Cina e altri orienti (1974, China and Other Eastern Places) and Tutti gli errori (1986; All the Errors), about Milan's La Scala opera house. Among his other works are Agli di ulteriori (1972; To Farther Gods), A e B (1975; A and B), Centuria (1979), and Rumori o voci (1987; Noises or Voices).