MENUISIERS-BNISTES, CORPORATION DES

18th-century French craft guild concerned with woodworking, the menuisiers doing principally the work of the carpenter and joiner and the bnistes applying the veneered finish. Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the finance minister of Louis XIV, took the guild system from its medieval background and shaped it into an effective labour-control organization, inculcating a sense of professional pride among its members and encouraging a high degree of specialization. It was this attitude that produced the dynasties of superb craftsmen who made French furniture of the 18th century one of the glories of Western culture. Although it was the menuisier who conceived and signed a piece of furniture, the end result was in fact brought about by a collective effort of various other craftsmen. As the art of veneering developed in the late 17th century, a new category appeared, the menuisiers en bne, who were later known as bnistes; and in 1743 the guild of menuisiers was reformed as the Corporation des Menuisiers-bnistes. Although the guilds were dissolved in 1791, their influence persisted into the 19th century.