MOHL, HUGO VON

born April 8, 1805, Stuttgart, Wrttemberg died April 1, 1872, Tbingen, Ger. German botanist noted for his research on the anatomy and physiology of plant cells. Von Mohl received his degree in medicine from the University of Tbingen in 1828. After studying for several years at Munich, he became professor of botany at Tbingen in 1835 and remained there until his death. As a result of his studies on the plant cell, von Mohl developed the idea that the nucleus of the cell was within the granular, colloidal material that made up the main substance of the cell. In 1846 he named this substance protoplasm, a word that had been invented by the Czech physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkinje with reference to the embryonic material found in eggs. Von Mohl was also first to propose that new cells are formed by cell division, a process he observed in the alga Conferva glomerata. In 1851 he proposed the now-confirmed view that the secondary walls of plant cells have a fibrous structure. Theorizing on the nature and function of plastids (small bodies within specialized cells), von Mohl provided the first clear explanation of the role of osmosis (passage of a substance through a membrane from a region of higher to one of lower concentration) in the physiology of a plant and was one of the first to investigate the phenomenon of the movement of stomatal openings in leaves.