NISHIDA KITARO

born June 17, 1870, near Kanazawa, Ishikawa prefecture, Japan died June 7, 1945, Kamakura Japanese philosopher who exemplified the attempt by the Japanese to assimilate Western philosophy into the Oriental spiritual tradition. Additional reading Shimomura Torataro, Nishida Kitaro and Some Aspects of His Philosophical Thought, the preface to Nishida's A Study of Good (1960), gives an excellent description of the development of Nishida's thought, especially the early period, when Japan was undergoing westernization. Valdo H. Viglielmo, Nishida Kitaro, The Early Years, in Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture, ch. 13 (1971), goes into details of Nishida's younger days (until 1903). David A. Dilworth, The Initial Formations of Pure Experience' in Nishida Kitaro and William James, in Monumenta Nipponica, 24:93111 (1969), treats the influence of William James on Nishida's thought. See also the same author's The Range of Nishida's Early Religious Thought: Zen no Kenkyu, Philosophy East and West, 19:409421 (1969); and Nishida's Final Essay: The Logic of Place and Religious World-View, ibid., 20:355367 (1970); and Noda Matao, EastWest Syntheses in Kitaro Nishida, ibid., 4:345359 (1955), which compares Nishida's later thought with the philosophical ideas of Whitehead.The following works of Nishida are available in English translation. A Study of Good, trans. by Valdo H. Viglielmo (1960), is Nishida's maiden work, which gives a well-balanced treatment of philosophical problems. Intelligibility and the Philosophy of Nothingness, trans. by Robert Schinzinger (1958), and Fundamental Problems of Philosophy, trans. by David A. Dilworth (1970), include introductory remarks on Nishida's life and work. See also Nishida Kitaro: The Problem of Japanese Culture, trans. by Abe Masao in Sources of the Japanese Tradition, pp. 857872 (1958); and Gino K. Piovesana, Recent Japanese Philosophical Thought, 18621962 (1963).