NOGALES

city, seat (1899) of Santa Cruz county, southern Arizona, U.S. A port of entry on the Mexican border, it adjoins Heroica Nogales, Sonora. Divided by International Avenue, the two communities are known as Ambos Nogales. Originally called Issaac-town (for Jacob Issaacson, who built an inn at Nogales Pass before the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1882), it was renamed Nogales for its walnut (nogal) trees. It was the scene of fighting between Pancho Villa's forces and U.S. national guardsmen (1916) and between town militia of the two communities (1918). Nearby are the Tumacacori Mission (since 1908 a national monument) and the ruins of the first white settlements in Arizona. Cattle raising, mining, and border trade are the economic mainstays. Pop. (1990) 19,489.