NOVI SAD

German Neusatz, Hungarian jvidk, city and administrative capital of the ethnically mixed autonomous region of Vojvodina, Serbia, Yugoslavia. It is a transit port on the heavily trafficked Danube River northwest of Belgrade and is also situated on the Belgrade-Budapest rail line. The Backa canal system connects with the Danube at Novi Sad, which is the economic and cultural focus for northern Vojvodina. The ethnic diversity of the region is exemplified by Radio Novi Sad, which broadcasts in Serbo-Croatian, Hungarian, Slovakian, Romanian, and Ruthenian. Before the 18th century Novi Sad was a small fishing village called Petrovaradinski anac (Petrovaradin Ditch). In the south bend of the Danube is the Serb Petrovaradin Fortress, which was rebuilt by the Austrians into the present huge structure after 1699 as part of the military frontier with the Ottoman Empire. During the period of Turkish rule of Serbia south of the Danube, Novi Sad became a centre of Serbian culture in Austrian lands, especially after the Serbian literary society Matica Srpska was founded there in 1826. Novi Sad is the nucleus for Vojvodina's productive agricultural region, and the city hosts an annual international agricultural fair. The city's industrial development includes food processing, milling, textiles, chinaware, soap, oils, electrical apparatus, and dental equipment. A major petroleum refinery at Novi Sad, until 1978 supplied by river, began to receive oil in that year from Nadrljan via a 53-mile (86-kilometre) pipeline. The city's cultural centres include a university (1960), an art academy, a Serbian National Theatre (1861), and museums. Pop. (1991) 178,896.