PRAVDA

(Russian: "Truth"), former daily newspaper, published in Moscow and distributed nationwide, that was the official organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1991. Founded in 1912 in St. Petersburg as a workers daily, Pravda became an important organ of the Bolshevik movement. Vladimir Lenin exercised broad editorial control over the paper. It was repeatedly suppressed by the tsar's police, reappearing each time with a different name, until it finally emerged in Moscow in 1918 to assume its role as the official party paper. It retained this function until the demise of Communist power in the Soviet Union in 1991, after which its readership shrank precipitously. In 1992 the paper was sold to Greek investors Theodoros and Christos Giannikos. Pravda became the voice of conservative-nationalist opposition, yet it continued to suffer declining readership. It finally ceased publication in July 1996. As the leading Soviet state newspaper and organ of information and education, Pravda offered its readers well-written articles and analyses on science, economics, cultural topics, and literature. There were letters from readers and officially sponsored and approved materials to indoctrinate and inform its readers on Communist theory and programs. Its treatment of foreign affairs generally was limited to domestic matters within foreign countries. International relations was left to the official Soviet government newspaper Izvestiya (q.v.). Pravda's pages featured pleasing makeup, occasional photography, and attractive typography. It carried no Western-style scandal or sensational news; rather, it sought to encourage unity of thought on the part of its readers by stressing and interpreting the party line. Many of its editorials were reprinted in other Soviet and Soviet-bloc papers.