SAN FERNANDO

town, Cadiz provincia, in the comunidad autnoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southwestern Spain, situated on a rocky island surrounded by salt marshes that line the southern shore of the Bay of Cadiz, south of Cadiz city. Founded in 1776, it was known as Isla de Len until renamed (1813) in honour of Ferdinand VII during the Spanish War of Independence (Peninsular War). San Fernando is a Spanish naval headquarters; to the northeast are La Carraca arsenal and dockyard (founded 1790) and an observatory dating from the 18th century. Landmarks in the town include the 18th-century town hall, the Panten de Marinos (1850), and a Roman bridge rebuilt in the 15th century. Salt is produced, stone is quarried, and there are some light industries. Pop. (1981) 78,845. city and port of Trinidad island, in the Trinidad and Tobago group in the southern Caribbean. It lies at the western end of the Central Range of hills on the flat, shallow coast of the Gulf of Paria, 36 miles (58 km) south of Port of Spain. Trinidad's second largest city, its chief function is that of an administrative and trading centre for the southern half of the island. The city was once part of a settlement of Carib Indians and later a Capuchin mission. Its original site was part of a 1786 land grant. The city, named for King Ferdinand II the Catholic, of Aragon, was destroyed by fire in 1818. Rebuilt, it reached its present boundaries by 1846. It became a borough in 1853 and a city in the 1980s. The economy is based on its central position in the rich oil fields discovered in 1900. There is a large population of East Indians. Pop. (1987 est.) 33,100. city and enclave within the city of Los Angeles, southern California, U.S., in the northeastern San Fernando Valley. Named for the Mission San Fernando Rey de Espaa (established 1797 by Father Fermn de Lasun), it was promoted in 1874 by two land developers, G.K. Porter and Senator Charles Maclay (who also founded a college of theology there in 1887). The San Fernando Reservoir (just northwest) is the southern terminus of the Los Angeles (Owens River) Aqueduct (1913), which irrigated the valley and gave the city a citrus economy. Later, diversified industries developed, chiefly electronics and clothing manufacture. Los Angeles Mission College was opened there in 1975. Inc. 1911. Pop. (1990) 22,580. cabecera (principal built-up area) and partido (political subdivision) of Gran (Greater) Buenos Aires, Arg. It lies north of the city of Buenos Aires, in Buenos Aires province, on the Ro de la Plata estuary. Colonization of the area began with the second and permanent founding of Buenos Aires (1580). During this period the region was known as Costa de Monte Grande. In 1780 the parish of Nuestra Seora del Puerto de Las Conchas (Our Lady of the Port of the Shells) was established. A settlement, founded in 1806 as San Fernando de Buena Vista, later became a part of the partido established in 1821. The partido covers 357 square miles (924 square km) and is the largest in Gran Buenos Aires. It is separated into two noncontiguous regions. The much smaller and southernmost of these is totally within the Gran Buenos Aires urban area and is bordered by the Lujn River and the Ro de la Plata (northeast) and the partidos of San Isidro (southeast) and Tigre (southwest and northwest). The larger, northern region lies totally outside the urban area to the north of Tigre partido and comprises the marshy deltaic mouth of the Paran River. Besides the cabecera, San Fernando, the major localities are Victoria and Virreyes. The town of San Fernando was given city status in 1909. It is a river port and centre for cattle raising. Industries in the present-day partido process dairy products, fish, and fruit. Furniture is manufactured from lumber produced by the region's sawmills, and paper products are made. Quarrying is also important. The southern region of San Fernando has become part of the north-northwestern suburban area of Gran Buenos Aires. San Fernando's population density is the lowest of all the partidos because of the relatively unpopulated northern region. Three railway lines, the national highway system, and a local airport connect the southern portion of the partido to other parts of Argentina. The sparsely populated marshlands of the northern region have few transportation and communication links. Pop. (1980) partido, 133,624. capital of Colchagua provincia, O'Higgins regin, central Chile, lying on the Rapel River, at 1,112 feet (339 m) above sea level, in a fertile longitudinal valley. Founded in 1742, it became the provincial capital in 1840. San Fernando's rodeos rank among Chile's best, for the city is in the heart of huaso (cowboy) country. In addition to livestock, the surrounding region yields wheat, forage crops, rice, legumes, and grapes. San Fernando is on the Pan-American Highway and on Chile's main longitudinal railroad, both of which have branches running 60 miles (97 km) westward to the coastal resort of Pichilemu. Pop. (1987 est.) mun., 49,810. town, west-central Luzon, Philippines. Located on a bay of the South China Sea formed by a peninsula that ends in San Fernando Point, it served a tobacco- and rice-growing region as the northern terminus of the Philippine National Railway until the line was extended to Bacnotan in 1955. The town is on Luzon's main western coastal highway. Its outport, Poro, is the only national port of entry in northern Luzon; imported goods are received, and the region's commercially bundled tobacco leaves are exported. The city has a modern cathedral (1976) and a Chinese pagoda; nearby to the south are the ruins of a church built in 1674. Pop. (1989 est.) 82,797.