SCABIOUS

also called Scabiosa (genus Scabiosa), any of about 100 species of annual and perennial herbs of the teasel family, Dipsacaceae, order Dipsacales. They are native to temperate Eurasia, the Mediterranean region, and the mountains of eastern Africa. Some are important garden plants. All species have basal leaf rosettes and leafy stems. The flower heads have many crowded, small, five-lobed, mostly bisexual blooms. There are larger female flowers in the outer ring, and a circle of leaflike bracts occurs below each flower head. Pincushion flower, sweet scabious, mourning bride, or garden scabious (S. atropurpurea), a southern European annual with deeply cut basal leaves and feathery stem leaves, produces fragrant, 5-centimetre (2-inch) flower heads in white, rose, crimson, blue, or deep mahogany purple. It is about 1 m (3 feet) tall. Small scabious (S. columbaria), from Eurasia and Africa, reaches 60 cm. It is a perennial, with toothed, elongate, oval basal leaves and cut stem leaves. The light-blue flowers are 3.5 cm across. Perennial scabious (S. caucasica), of southeastern Europe, grows to 75 cm. It has narrow, smooth-margined basal leaves and cut stem leaves and produces light blue flowers up to 8 cm across. Devil's bit scabious belongs to the genus Succisa of the teasel family. See also Dipsacales.