SPRANGER (VAN DEN SCHILDE), BARTHOLOMAEUS

born March 21, 1546, Antwerp, Hapsburg Netherlands died August 1611, Prague also spelled Bartholomeus Sprangers, or Sprangerson Antwerp painter noted for his paintings of nudes executed in the late Mannerist style. In his efforts to develop a Northern artistic canon of the human figure, Spranger employed mannered poses, slender, elongated bodies, and a gleaming, brittle texture in his work. The figures smile invitingly, and the influence of Parmigianino and Correggio is evident in their voluptuous contours. Spranger went to Italy in 1567 and during a 10-year period spent in Rome and Parma, he assisted in completing an interrupted fresco project. Later, while working in Paris (c. 1565), he was influenced by the work of Francesco Primaticcio and Niccol dell' Abbate. He returned to Rome in 1567 and became an assistant to Taddeo Zuccari, later working in Vienna for the emperor Maximilian II. In 1581 he was appointed court painter in Prague by the emperor Rudolf II, and he remained in that city thereafter. The engraver Hendrik Goltzius made popular copies of Spranger's work, resulting in their becoming widely known.