STATISTICS: MALAYSIA

Malaysia Official name: Malaysia. Form of government: federal constitutional monarchy with two legislative houses (Senate ; House of Representatives ). Chief of state: Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Paramount Ruler). Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Kuala Lumpur{2}. Official language: Malay. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 ringgit, or Malaysian dollar (RM) = 100 cents; valuation{3} (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = RM 3.80; 1 = RM 6.47. Demography Population (1998): 22,083,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 173.5, persons per sq km 67.0. Urban-rural (1997): urban 55.0%; rural 45.0%. Sex distribution (1996): male 51.13%; female 48.87%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 34.9%; 15-29, 28.0%; 30-44, 20.7%;45-59, 10.6%; 60 and over, 5.8%. Population projection: (2000) 23,036,000; (2010) 27,940,000. Doubling time: 34 years. Ethnic composition (1996): Malay and other indigenous 57.7%; Chinese 25.4%; Indian 7.2%; other nonindigenous 3.2%; noncitizen 6.5%. Religious affiliation (1980): Muslim 52.9%; Buddhist 17.3%; Chinese folkreligionist 11.6%; Hindu 7.0%; Christian 6.4%; other 4.8%. Major cities (1991): Kuala Lumpur 1,145,342; Ipoh 382,853; Johor Baharu 328,436; Melaka 296,897; Petaling Jaya 254,350. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1997); 25.6 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1997); 4.8 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1997); 20.8 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1997): 3.3. Life expectancy at birth (1997): male 70.0 years; female 74.0 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1994); diseases of the circulatory system 54.0; accidents, homicide, and other violence 29.0; malignant neoplasms 20.4; birth injuries 18.5; infectious and parasitic diseases 15.4. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: RM 60,778,000,000 (income tax 38.7%, taxes on goods and services 22.0%, nontax revenue 18.0%, taxes on international trade 12.6%). Expenditures: RM 41,413,000,000 (education 24.6%, defense and internal security 15.3%, general administration 12.3%, health 7.0%, trade and industry 3.0%, agriculture 3.0%). Tourism (1995): receipts from visitors U.S.$3,910,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad (1994) U.S.$1,737,000,000. Population economically active (1996): total 8,398,200; activity rate 40.9% (participation rates: ages 15-64 66.9%; female 35.5%; unemployed 2.6%). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): palm oil 8,386,000, rice 2,065,000, sugarcane 1,600,000, rubber 1,089,000, bananas 530,000, pineapples 200,000; livestock (number of live animals) 3,282,000 pigs, 720,000 cattle, 100,000,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 45,573,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 1,240,000. Mining and quarrying (1996): iron ore 325,114; bauxite 218,680; copper concentrates 87,580; tin concentrates 5,174. Manufacturing (1995): cement 10,713,000; refined sugar 1,052,000; fertilizer 269,000; plywood 3,506,000 cu m; radio receivers 38,767,000 units; automotive tires 11,368,000 units. Construction (completed; 1986) {4}: residential 8,809,100 sq m; nonresidential 959,900 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 39,975,000,000 (40,027,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 174,000 (1,876,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 237,742,000 (100,021,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 11,406,000 (17,007,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 24,411,000,000 (13,166,000,000). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$89,800,000,000 (U.S.$4,370 per capita). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$15,701,000,000. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1991) 4.9; annual income per household (1995) RM 24,080 (U.S.$9,620); sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1983): food 28.7%, transportation 20.9%, recreation and education 11.0%, housing 10.2%, household durable goods 7.7%. Foreign trade{5} Imports (1995): RM 194,517,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 60.6%, chemicals 6.9%, food 4.1%, inedible crude materials 2.4%, mineral fuels 2.3%). Major import sources: Japan 28.1%; U.S. 16.6%; Singapore 12.4%; Taiwan 5.1%; Germany 4.6%; South Korea 4.0%; Thailand 2.7%. Exports (1995): RM 184,827,000,000 (machinery and transport equipment 55.1%, basic manufactures 8.9%, mineral fuels 7.0%, animal and vegetable oils 6.8%, inedible crude materials 6.4%, food 2.4%). Major export destinations: U.S. 20.7%; Singapore 20.3%; Japan 12.7%; Hong Kong 5.3%; U.K. 4.0%; Thailand 3.9%; Germany 3.2%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): track length 1,791 km; passenger-km 1,284,000,000{6}; metric ton-km cargo 1,416,000,000{7}. Roads (1995); total length 93,975 km (paved 75%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 2,588,641; trucks and buses 465,940. Air transport (1995): passenger-km 22,558,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,160,036,000; airports (1997) 39. Education and health Educational attainment (1980). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 36.6%; primary education 42.1%; secondary 19.4%; higher 1.9%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 83.5%; males literate 89.1%; females literate 78.1%. Health (1995): physicians 9,608 (1 per 2,153 persons); hospital beds 40,780 (1 per 507 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1997) 11. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,807 (vegetable products 82%, animal products 18%); 126% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 111,500 (army 76.2%, navy 12.6%, air force 11.2%). Military expenditure as percentage of GDP (1995): 3.0% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$122. {1} Includes 40 appointees of the Paramount Ruler; the remaining 30 are indirectly elected at different times. {2} The government plans to transfer to the new federal administrative centre at Putrajaya in 2000. {3} Pegged to the U.S. dollar at RM 3.80 = 1 U.S.$ on Sept. 2, 1998. {4} Results of the Central Bank Survey of four major towns: Kuala Lumpur, Shah Alam, Kelang, and Seberang Prai. {5} Import figures are f.o.b. in balance of trade. {6} Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. {7} Net bank service charges.