STATISTICS: SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa Official name: Republic of South Africa (English). Form of government: multiparty republic with two legislative houses (National Council of Provinces ; National Assembly ){1}. Head of state and government: President{1}. Capitals (de facto): Pretoria (executive); Bloemfontein (judicial); Cape Town (legislative). Official languages:{2}. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 rand (R) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = R 5.83; 1 = R 9.93. Demography Population (1998){3}: 42,835,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 91.0, persons per sq km 35.1. Urban-rural (1996): urban 55.4%; rural 44.6%. Sex distribution (1996): male 47.98%; female 52.02%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 37.3%; 15-29, 27.1%; 30-44, 18.5%; 45-59, 10.4%; 60-74, 5.2%; 75 and over, 1.5%. Population projection{3}: (2000) 43,982,000; (2010) 47,503,000. Doubling time: 43 years. Ethnic composition (1995): black 76.3%, of which Zulu c. 22.0%, Xhosa c. 18.0%, Pedi c. 9.0%, Sotho c. 7.0%, Tswana c. 7.0%, Tsonga c. 3.5%, Swazi c. 3.0%; white 12.7%; Coloured 8.5%; Asian 2.5%. Religious affiliation (1991){4}: Christian 66.4%, of which Protestant 36.6%, black independent churches 22.2%, Roman Catholic 7.6%; Hindu 1.3%; Muslim 1.1%; nonreligious 1.2%; other/traditional beliefs 30.0%. Major cities (1991){5}: Cape Town 2,350,157; Johannesburg 1,916,063{6}; Durban 1,137,378; Pretoria 1,080,187; Port Elizabeth 853,204. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 27.4 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 11.1 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 16.3 (world avg. 15.7). Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 3.6. Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 3.3. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 55.7 years; female 60.2 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993-94): accidents and violence 221.9; diseases of the circulatory system 102.3; infectious and parasitic diseases 51.8; ill-defined conditions 424.0. National economy Budget (1995-96). Revenue: R119,957,000,000 (personal income taxes 42.2%, value-added taxes 27.3%, company income taxes 13.8%). Expenditures: R 152,573,000,000 (education 21.9%, interest on public debt 19.3%, health 10.2%, defense 7.2%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$10,348,000,000. Production (in R '000,000 except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (in value of production; 1995): poultry 4,327, beef 3,080, corn (maize) 2,825, temperate fruits 1,964, wheat 1,955, sugarcane 1,657, milk 1,577, potatoes 1,081, citrus fruits 988, grapes 966, sheep and goat meat 824, swine 509; roundwood (1995) 25,332,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 575,177 metric tons. Mining and quarrying (in value of sales; 1995): gold 23,335; rough diamonds 16,431; coal 12,586; platinum-group metals 6,573; copper 1,679; iron ore 1,658; lime and limestone 693. Manufacturing (in U.S.$'000,000 value added; 1994): food products 2,734; iron and steel 2,303; transport equipment 2,082; metal products 1,588; nonelectrical machinery 1,566; beverages 1,531; refined petroleum 1,281. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 182,448,000,000 ( 172,039,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 182,496,000 (140,581,000{7}); crude petroleum (barrels; 1996) 3,650,000 ( 125,000,000{7}); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 16,425,000{7} (16,428,000{7}); natural gas (cu m; 1994): 1,896,000,000{7} (1,896,000,000{7}). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$1,595,000,000; expenditures U.S.$1,749,000,000. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1994) 4.6; average annual income per household (1990-91){4} R 16,814 (U.S.$6,500); expenditure (1992){4}: food and beverages 35.8%, transportation 14.7%, household goods 10.0%, housing and energy 9.6%. Population economically active (1994): total 14,297,048; activity rate of total population 35.3% (participation rates: over age 15, 55.6%; female 44.2%; unemployed c. 25%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$132,455,000,000 (U.S.$3,520 per capita). Land use (1994): forest 6.7%; pasture 66.7%; agriculture 10.8%; other 15.8%. Foreign trade Imports (1995): R 98,614,000,000 (machinery and apparatus 31.9%, chemicals and chemical products 12.5%, motor vehicles 11.6%). Major import sources: Germany 15.9%; U.K. 11.5%; U.S. 10.9%; Japan 9.8%; Italy 4.5%. Exports (1995): R 101,397,000,000 (gold 19.9%, base metals and metal products 15.4%, gem diamonds 9.8%, food 7.4%). Major export destinations: Italy 7.8%; Japan 7.3%; U.S. 6.6%; unspecified 27.9%. Transport Transport. Railroads: route length (1995) 21,595 km; passenger-km (1992-93) 895,000,000{8}; metric ton-km cargo (1994-95) 95,260,000,000. Roads (1995): length 182,580 km (paved 33%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 3,810,000; trucks and buses 1,640,000. Air transport (1996){9}: passenger-km 13,833,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 539,977,000; airport (1996) 24. Education and health Educational attainment (1994). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 14.5%; primary/incomplete secondary 61.6%; secondary/incomplete higher 20.4%; complete higher 3.1%; other/unknown 0.4%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate: 81.8%. Health: physicians (1994) 26,452 (1 per 1,529 persons); hospital beds (1995) 172,292 (1 per 239 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 52.4. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,890 (vegetable products 88%, animal products 12%); 118% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 137,900 (army 85.6%, navy 4.0%, air force 6.1%, intraservice medical service 4.3%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.2% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$71. {1} All articles of permanent constitution announced in May 1996 were effective as of June 30, 1997. {2} Afrikaans; English; Ndebele; Pedi (North Sotho); Sotho (South Sotho); Swazi; Tsonga; Tswana (West Sotho); Venda; Xhosa; Zulu. {3} Projection(s) based on 1991 census. {4} Excludes formerly nominally independent Transkei, Venda, Bophuthatswana, and Ciskei (TVBC). {5} Population of urban areas. {6} The 1991 population of the Witwatersrand (including East Rand [1,379,000], Far East Rand , and West Rand urban areas) is 4,866,000. {7} Includes Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, and Swaziland. {8} Excludes suburban traffic. {9} SAA only.