TABLE MOUNTAIN

Afrikaans Tafelberg, flat-topped mountain, overlooking Cape Town and Table Bay, South Africa, dominating the northern end of the high, rocky Cape Peninsula. Its tabular shape results from nearly horizontal layers of sandstone, exposed by vigorous wind and water erosion. The stark, scarred, 2-mi- (3-km-) long northern face contrasts with the fertile summit plateau broken by small valleys and streams. Two subsidiary peaks are detached from the main mountain: Lion's Head (2,195 ft ) to the northwest, declining northward to Signal Hill (Lion's Rump); and Devil's Peak (3,281 ft; formerly Windberg, or Windy Mountain) to the northeast. Table Mountain has its own cloud cover (the Tablecloth), forming rapidly when the wind is in the southeast and mainly responsible for the lush plateau vegetation. Five mountain reservoirs catch the rainfall brought by northwesterly winds in winter (ranging annually from 60 in. [1,525 mm] at the summit to 22 in. at the base). Abundant vegetation includes disa orchids, 250 species of daisies, and silver trees; animal life includes tahrs (Himalayan goats) that are descended from escapees of a local zoo. There are a cableway (built 1929) and more than 350 classified routes to the top. The highest point is Maclear's Beacon (3,563 feet), which is named for a stone-cairn trigonometrical beacon placed on the northeastern face by Sir Thomas Maclear in 1865.