TIFFANY, CHARLES LEWIS

born Feb. 15, 1812, Killingly, Conn., U.S. died Feb. 18, 1902, New York, N.Y. American jeweler who made a specialty of importing historic gems, jewelry, and art works. Tiffany went to New York City in 1837 and with John B. Young opened a stationery and fancy-goods store, which soon expanded to offer jewelry and silverware as well. It became Tiffany, Young, & Ellis in 1841; in 1848 the firm began to manufacture jewelry, and in 1850 they opened a branch in Paris. Tiffany adopted the standards of English silver in 1851, thereby establishing the term sterling in the United States. In 1853 he obtained sole control of the firm, which was thereafter known as Tiffany & Co. In 1858 Tiffany obtained a surplus section of the newly laid Atlantic Cable, which he cut into pieces and sold as souvenirs with great success. At the beginning of the American Civil War he turned most of his capital to the manufacture of swords, medals, and other war material. In 1868 the company was incorporated and branches were established in London and Geneva. In 1887 he bought some of the crown jewels of France. He was the father of the famed Art Nouveau designer Louis Comfort Tiffany, who succeeded him as the firm's director.