VERNET, (CLAUDE-)JOSEPH

born Aug. 14, 1714, Avignon, Fr. died Dec. 3, 1789, Paris French landscape and marine painter whose finest works, the series of 15 Ports of France (175465; Louvre), constitute a remarkable record of 18th-century life. The son of a decorative painter, Vernet worked at Rome (173453), finding inspiration both in the expansive, luminous art of the 17th-century French master Claude Lorrain and in the dramatic and picturesque work of the 17th-century Italian painter Salvator Rosa. Vernet's shipwrecks, sunsets, and conflagrations reveal an unusually subtle observation of light and atmosphere. With his compatriot Hubert Robert, he catered to a new taste for idealized, somewhat sentimentalized landscapes. After returning to Paris he became a member of the French Royal Academy and was commissioned by King Louis XV to paint the port series. The decline in his later work is attributed to overproduction. The family tradition of painting was maintained by his son Carle Vernet and his grandson Horace Vernet.