VON HGEL, FRIEDRICH, BARON (FREIHERR) VON HGEL

born May 5, 1852, Florence died Jan. 27, 1925, London, Eng. Roman Catholic philosopher and author who was the forerunner of the realist revival in philosophy and the theological study of religious feeling. Of Austrian descent, von Hgel inherited his father's baronial title in 1870 but lived most of his life (1876-1925) in England, where he married a sister of the 13th Earl of Pembroke and, at the outbreak of World War I, assumed British citizenship (1914). He customarily styled himself Baron von Hgel. Von Hgel combined a deep faith in the Roman Catholic church with tolerant views that won him friends among thinkers of many denominations. When the Modernist crisis broke out in the early 20th century, his close contacts with such Modernist leaders as Alfred F. Loisy and George Tyrrell led him to be classed with those who undermined the church. In fact, von Hgel fully accepted the papacy but thought the methods of church government suffered from overcentralization, which he hoped to counteract by the healthy interplay of energy between head and members. His correspondence and writings make clear his disapproval of revolt and his rejection of the Modernist theory of belief. As a religious scholar, von Hgel sought to interpret the relationships between theological dogma and history, Christ and humanity, free will and church control, and Roman Catholicism and contemporary scientific reasoning. In support of Roman Catholicism and the importance of mystical experience, he wrote The Mystical Element of Religion as Studied in Saint Catherine of Genoa and Her Friends (1908).