INTEGRATED COASTAL FISHERIES MANAGEMENT

ICFM. A framework for the management of coastal fisheries within Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICZM). ICFM differs from traditional fisheries management in that it is not a uni-sectoral approach. Capture fisheries problems are often described as originating from a two-pronged threat: over-exploitation and habitat degradation. The first is the traditional fisheries management issue of non optimal exploitation of fisheries resources caused by over investment and excessive fishing effort. The other threat to fisheries stems from the more modern problems of habitat degradation, including deterioration of water quality and loss of critical habitats such as coral reefs and mangrove areas. Scura Fallon (1994)