LOGIC


Meaning of LOGIC in English

1. < philosophy , mathematics > A branch of philosophy and mathematics that deals with the formal principles, methods and criteria of validity of inference , reasoning and knowledge .

Logic is concerned with what is true and how we can know whether something is true. This involves the formalisation of logical arguments and proof s in terms of symbols representing proposition s and logical connective s. The meanings of these logical connectives are expressed by a set of rules which are assumed to be self-evident.

Boolean algebra deals with the basic operations of truth values: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. Predicate logic extends this with existential and universal quantifier s and symbols standing for predicate s which may depend on variables. The rules of natural deduction describe how we may proceed from valid premises to valid conclusions, where the premises and conclusions are expressions in predicate logic .

Symbolic logic uses a meta-language concerned with truth, which may or may not have a corresponding expression in the world of objects called existance. In symbolic logic, arguments and proof s are made in terms of symbols representing proposition s and logical connective s. The meanings of these begin with a set of rules or primitive s which are assumed to be self-evident. Fortunately, even from vague primitives, functions can be defined with precise meaning.

Boolean logic deals with the basic operations of truth value s: AND, OR, NOT and combinations thereof. Predicate logic extends this with existential quantifier s and universal quantifier s which introduce bound variable s ranging over finite sets; the predicate itself takes on only the values true and false. Deduction describes how we may proceed from valid premise s to valid conclusions, where these are expressions in predicate logic .

Carnap used the phrase "rational reconstruction" to describe the logical analysis of thought. Thus logic is less concerned with how thought does proceed, which is considered the realm of psychology, and more with how it should proceed to discover truth. It is the touchstone of the results of thinking, but neither its regulator nor a motive for its practice.

See also fuzzy logic, logic programming, arithmetic and logic unit, first-order logic,

See also Boolean logic , fuzzy logic , logic programming , first-order logic , logic bomb , combinatory logic , higher-order logic , intuitionistic logic , equational logic , modal logic , linear logic , paradox .

2. Boolean logic circuits.

See also arithmetic and logic unit , asynchronous logic , TTL .

(1995-03-17)

FOLDOC computer English dictionary.      Английский словарь по компьютерам FOLDOC.