transcription, транскрипция: [ v. ]
According to arch-hacker James Gosling (designer of NeWS , GOSMACS and Java), to "...modify a program with no idea whatsoever how it works." (See whacker .) It is actually possible to do this in nontrivial circumstances if the change is small and well-defined and you are very good at glark ing things from context. As a trivial example, it is relatively easy to change all stderr writes to stdout writes in a piece of C filter code which remains otherwise mysterious.