ANTIBODY


Meaning of ANTIBODY in English

noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

monoclonal

In addition the monoclonal antibody showed weak cross reactivity with epithelium.

As a control, sections were incubated with phosphate buffered saline instead of the primary monoclonal antibodies in the first step.

Murine monoclonal antibodies conjugated with plasminogen activators may be valuable for targeting the therapeutic agent to thrombus.

We have raised five monoclonal antibodies against a synthetic dodecapeptide of A-gliadin.

This monoclonal antibody shows no cross reactivity with transforming growth factor alpha.

The monoclonal antibodies work by combating the T-Lymphocytes and other threatening cells.

He talks a lot these days about monoclonal antibodies .

Workers have also turned their attention to obtaining all-human monoclonal antibodies .

positive

All 20 tested positive for squalene antibodies .

In HIV-1-infected patients, positive toxoplasma-specific in-vitro antibody production was rarely associated with a significant rise in serum antibodies.

primary

Non-specific staining was assessed by omission of the primary antibody .

As a control, sections were incubated with phosphate buffered saline instead of the primary monoclonal antibodies in the first step.

Negative controls were obtained by omitting or exchanging the primary antibodies .

For positive controls, sections containing rectal carcinoma and normal mucosa were employed and for negative controls the primary antibodies were excluded.

A negative control, in which the primary antibody was omitted, was performed for all sections.

Each set of sections included a positive colorectal carcinoma control, and a negative control in which the primary antibody was omitted.

specific

Further evidence of immune mediation has come from the finding of circulating, non-organ specific and organ specific antibodies .

The body makes a specific antibody for each disease we encounter.

Each B-cell makes its own specific antibody , depending on the type of intruder to which it is responding.

A very specific antibody will be produced by the immune system for each disease to which we have been exposed.

In patients negative to challenge there was no increase in the number of specific antibody secreting cells against beta lactoglobulin and casein.

Figure 4 depicts the concentrations of IgM specific antibody secreting cells to beta lactoglobulin and casein in these patients.

Analysis of the concentrations of Giardia specific serum antibodies show that only anti Giardia IgM concentrations were raised in the patients.

The next step was to chemically link these highly specific antibodies to small magnetised polystyrene spheres.

■ NOUN

igg

Each of the Edinburgh patients colonised by the epidemic strain showed a rising IgG antibody response to P cepacia-specific cell wall antigen.

The Pyloriset detects IgG antibodies by agglutination, using Latex particles coated with acid extracted antigen of H pylori.

Sera from all patients contained IgG antibodies that recognised Giardia heat shock antigen.

Slides were incubated with 1:16 diluted patient's sera and stained with fluorescein conjugated rabbit antihuman IgG antibodies .

igm

Among the five people with yellow-fever IgM antibodies that could not be explained by vaccination, there were two pairs of neighbours.

production

In HIV-1-infected patients, positive toxoplasma-specific in-vitro antibody production was rarely associated with a significant rise in serum antibodies.

Furthermore, toxoplasma-specific in-vitro antibody production appears several months before the onset of encephalitis.

Toxoplasma-specific antibody production was confirmed in the positive patients by study of second samples taken 2-4 weeks later.

They did this by tipping the scales in favour of antibody production - identifying and removing those cells known to suppress antibody production.

The third group consisted of 84 patients without signs or symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis who were negative for toxoplasma-specific antibody production .

response

Previous work has shown that alcoholics were able to mount an adequate antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen.

It will be made of a string of cocaine molecules that triggers an immune antibody response .

Each of the Edinburgh patients colonised by the epidemic strain showed a rising IgG antibody response to P cepacia-specific cell wall antigen.

In some patients, there was four-fold increase in antibody response before the first sputum culture of P cepacia.

Hence identification of antigenic determinants of IgA response may lead us towards antibody responses likely to be important in parasite clearance.

test

It is these antibodies which will be detected in standard antibody tests .

Even before the antibody test is positive, the victim can pass the virus to others by methods that will be explained.

The intestinal permeability test result was even less reliably related to the gliadin intake than the antigliadin antibody test.

The antibody test is the best early warning device available.

The antibody test clearly highlights where the defects in a cell lies, says Sutovsky.

First, there are different brands of antibody tests made by differ-ent manufacturers.

The timing of the jejunal biopsies, antigliadin antibody test , and sugar intestinal permeability test is shown in Figure 1.

The antibody test has proven invaluable as a means of protecting the blood supply.

■ VERB

contain

A blood test can be used to find out whether a person's blood contains antibodies to the virus.

It also contain antibodies that protect her against infections - and it costs nothing!

detect

It is these antibodies which will be detected in standard antibody tests.

The Pyloriset detects IgG antibodies by agglutination, using Latex particles coated with acid extracted antigen of H pylori.

Rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin conjugated with alkaline phosphatase was used to detect the bound antibody .

find

In the past few years, they have found antibodies in 150 patients, Ludwig said.

measure

Serum gastrin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay with antibody R98 as previously described.

Plasma gastrin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay with antibody G179 provided by Professor Bloom.

produce

The new vaccine aims to trigger a different kind of immuno-response, producing not antibodies but cells-killer T-cells.

If we are exposed to chickenpox, our bodies will produce an antibody that will attach itself only to a chickenpox virus.

Furthermore, many patients given streptokinase produce neutralising antibodies after the first exposure, which reduces effectiveness on subsequent use.

Second, the body does not produce antibodies immediately upon exposure.

It is the T-cells which stimulate the B cells to produce the necessary antibodies to protect the body against an invading pathogen.

The vaccine teaches the immune system to attack nicotine by producing antibodies that neutralise the addictive chemicals before they reach the brain.

Yeang also claimed he has produced antibodies against bacteria in the sap.

show

Each of the Edinburgh patients colonised by the epidemic strain showed a rising IgG antibody response to P cepacia-specific cell wall antigen.

Only 14 out of 105 Crohn's disease patients showed perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody reactivity by indirect immunofluorescence assay.

A recent study which used the western blotting technique also showed an antibody against granulocytes in similar patients.

stain

In half the specimens studied these lesions were found only after careful examination of numerous sections and staining with an anti-cytokeratin antibody .

use

Tumour extracts also contained higher concentrations of immunoreactivity compared with normal tissue, in assays using antibodies L289 and 109-21.

As well as the morphology, the histochemistry of the preparations was evaluated using fluorescein-conjugated antibodies .

Major advances in overcoming this difficulty have been made by using antibodies to distinguish between cells that seem very similar.

The slow kinetics of antigen-antibody dissociation, unfortunately, precludes using antibodies in reversible sensors for continuous monitoring.

These results are also mirrored by Western blot analysis using antibodies against C/EBPd.

Indirect immunohistological staining using fluorescein conjugated antibody Exactly the same procedure was carried out as described above.

The data have been verified immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody Ki-67 to show a reduction in the labelling index.

The serum gastrin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay using antibody R98.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

Also in patients with inflammatory bowel disease antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies have been detected.

Anyone who is antibody positive will find it impossible to get life assurance, should they apply for it.

In addition the monoclonal antibody showed weak cross reactivity with epithelium.

Some of the antibodies we used were studied at the international workshop on blood group antibodies at Paris, 1987.

The labeled antigen and the antibody are part of the reagent system.

The production of a visceral-specific anti-peptide antibody should permit a further investigation of its expression in smooth muscle cells.

They reported that half of depressed patients studied had borna antibodies, compared to 1 percent in normal controls.

Traditionally, that has meant injecting people with a weakened or killed version of the virus itself, triggering antibodies.

Longman DOCE5 Extras English vocabulary.      Дополнительный английский словарь Longman DOCE5.