noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
increased
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This was coupled with an increased faecal bile acid concentration and proportion of secondary faecal bile acids.
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Nevertheless, we propose that the increased concentration of bile acids and increased daily excretion may predispose to the development of polyps.
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Thus patients with significant bile acid malabsorption can be expected to have an increased production of bile acids.
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Such diurnal variations may possibly explain why two of the patients showed increased bile acid synthesis but normal SeHCAT values.
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Bile acid malabsorption and increased synthesis of bile acids were even detected in cholecystectomised patients without intestinal pathology.
secondary
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This was coupled with an increased faecal bile acid concentration and proportion of secondary faecal bile acids.
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Patients with established colorectal cancer showed increased proportions of secondary bile acids in their faeces.
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Our own recent studies have shown an increased proportion of secondary biliary bile acids in patients with colorectal cancer.
total
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Furthermore, the higher concentrations used in this study reflect total bile salt concentrations in human colon.
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In contrast to fatty acids, the total bile acid concentration was hardly influenced by the different diets.
■ NOUN
acid
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These findings would suggest that an interplay of various intraluminal factors, including bile acids themselves, may affect colonic function.
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The bile acids are synthesized as excretory products of cholesterol catabolism and are composed of a carbon-24 steroid nucleus.
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The SeHCAT test has made intestinal bile acid malabsorption much more easy to detect.
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The role played by dietary fibre is of importance to this compartmentalisation because it binds bile acids .
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Nevertheless, we propose that the increased concentration of bile acids and increased daily excretion may predispose to the development of polyps.
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In the past, many patients were accepted for bile acid treatment without specific, gall stone related symptoms.
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This inhibition is caused by the formation of insoluble precipitates of calcium, phosphate, and bile acid micelles.
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Not all studies support a direct link between fat malabsorption and faecal bile acid losses.
bladder
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Paired hepatic and gall bladder bile samples were collected from 10 patients with cholesterol gall stones and six patients without gall stones.
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The composition of phospholipids in human hepatic and gall bladder bile has been studied by a number of investigators during recent years.
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The concentrations of total lipid and protein in gall bladder bile were not significantly different between the two groups.
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Recent evidence suggests, however, that nicotine inhibits gall bladder bile mucin concentration.
duct
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According to our experience, the severity of bile duct injuries seems to be changed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Linda suffers from biliary atresia, an abnormality in which the bile duct is blocked.
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A straight 10 F endoprosthesis was used in the five patients with a bile duct stricture distal to the stones.
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It has not yet been well defined, whether a similar approach is justified for bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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All four patients with complete bile duct transection were treated with a proximal hepaticojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop.
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Laparotomy was carried out under ether anesthesia and cannulation of the bile duct was performed for continuous bile collection.
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Our technique and results of endoscopic treatment of bile duct injury after open cholecystectomy have been described in detail elsewhere.
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We have advocated initial endoscopic stenting for bile duct strictures after open cholecystectomy.
flow
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The demonstration of a central stimulation of alkaline bile flow suggests that bile secretion may be subject to central modulation.
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However, the lack of bile flow into the intestines will result in neither urobilinogen nor urobilin being found in the feces.
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Centrally administered neuropeptide Y caused a dose-dependent increase in bile flow that was associated with an increase in biliary bicarbonate output.
salt
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The release of colonic regulatory peptides by bile salts does make physiological sense.
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Attempts to measure bile salts directly by continuous aspiration have produced conflicting results.
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Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.
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It has been reported that gastric infusion of bile salts in rats delays gastric emptying and inhibits small bowel transit time.
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This mechanism might facilitate bile salt absorption into the enterohepatic circulation by slowing intestinal transit time.
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In man portal venous bile salt concentrations increase from 22.2 µmol/l during fasting to 170 µmol/l after meals.
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Aggressive factors include gastric juice and bile salts which can reflux back into the stomach.
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It is therefore not unreasonable to propose that bile salts might be the inhibitory component in the venous effluent.
sample
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Six patients, all with malignant strictures, had bile samples taken at both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
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Paired hepatic and gall bladder bile samples were collected from 10 patients with cholesterol gall stones and six patients without gall stones.
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Whole bile samples were collected anaerobically and into sterile tubes.
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The isotropic bile samples were subsequently used to measure the nucleation time and the relative distribution of vesicular cholesterol.
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Part of the bile samples were frozen at -20°C until chemical analysis.
■ VERB
increase
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Furthermore, dietary manipulation studies have shown that high fat intake can increase faecal bile acid excretion.
show
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This study has shown that luminal bile directly inhibited terminal ileal motility.
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Studies in rats have shown that bile salts inhibit gastric emptying and prolongs intestinal transit time.
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Abdominal ultrasound imaging showed non-dilated bile ducts, several fluid collections, and guided puncture yielded bile.
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Invitro studies have shown impairment of bile acid absorption in the ileal mucosa of patients with cystic fibrosis.
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Ultrasound did not show dilated intrahepatic bile ducts.
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Blood chemistry showed cholestatic liver enzymes and ultrasound showed dilated bile ducts.
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Such diurnal variations may possibly explain why two of the patients showed increased bile acid synthesis but normal SeHCAT values.
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Ultrasound scanning may show thickening of the bile ducts and less often provides evidence of bile duct stricturing and/or dilatation.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Daniel wanted to call out his shock, but the incoherent cry turned in his throat into a spurt of stomach bile .
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Therefore, there is a back-up of bile into the sinusoids and an overflow into the blood.
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These findings suggested that bile and taurodeoxycholic acid directly inhibited ileal motor activity.
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This pattern will continue until the regurgitation of bile causes hepatocellular damage.
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Whole bile samples were collected anaerobically and into sterile tubes.