noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a carbon/nitrogen/sulphur etc compound
▪
Use a copper compound to protect the trees from pests.
carbon copy
▪
The robbery is a carbon copy of one that took place last year.
carbon credit
carbon dating
carbon dioxide
carbon footprint
▪
There are lots of ways you can reduce your carbon footprint .
carbon monoxide
carbon neutral
▪
Costa Rica wants to be the first developing country to become carbon neutral.
carbon offsetting
▪
There are websites that let you buy carbon offsets.
carbon paper
carbon sink
carbon tax
▪
carbon taxes on fossil fuels
reduce...carbon footprint
▪
There are lots of ways you can reduce your carbon footprint .
sulphur dioxide/carbon dioxide/greenhouse gas etc emissions
▪
The treaty calls for a 30% reduction in sulphur dioxide emissions.
zero carbon
▪
a zero carbon house
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
activated
▪
The residue, a carbon-based char, can be used instead of activated carbon in, for instance, sewage works.
▪
For chemical filtration, which usually means packing with an absorptive medium such as activated carbon or some sort of resin.
▪
Some potential uses of conventional biological reactors, insitu bioremediation, and activated carbon adsorption are summarised in Table 1.
▪
Chemical filtration - for keeping butterfly and angelfish - means activated carbon .
▪
The life of activated carbon is limited - factors like gallonage and stocking levels affecting it.
▪
Make sure the protein skimmer is working properly and renew the activated carbon .
▪
I would also advise a canister filter fitted with activated carbon .
atmospheric
▪
As levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane increase, the greenhouse effect will trap increasing amounts of heat.
▪
Estimating the future rate of energy growth is of critical importance for predicting future concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
▪
Disturbed soils are an additional major source of atmospheric carbon .
global
▪
The estimated global emissions of carbon from fossil fuels alone have tripled since 1950.
▪
But hardly anyone has looked at the global carbon budget in detail.
high
▪
The frescos also had high carbon levels, and these were responsible for the darkening of the paintings.
▪
The residual gases including nitrogen, higher hydrocarbons carbon dioxide, etc. constitute about 2 percent.
▪
Cast Iron Iron with a high carbon content.
▪
The mixture's high carbon monoxide content makes it extremely lethal.
▪
This is because of the higher levels of carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired stations compared with natural gas.
▪
Under high pressure, carbon can turn into diamonds.
low
▪
It is closely related to peat and has a relatively low carbon content and high moisture content.
▪
The tyres contain only low levels of carbon and no dioxins; potentially harmful products of burning tyres are to be recycled.
▪
Existing catalytic converters can produce extremely low hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide outputs only in optimal conditions.
▪
Wrought Iron Iron possessing a very low carbon content, which makes it tough and malleable.
organic
▪
Total organic carbon is made up of non-hazardous materials.
▪
Oil, gas, and coal, composed of organic carbon compounds, are found as economic deposits in sedimentary rocks.
▪
Reactivation facilities thermally destroy organic contaminates on carbon so that the carbon can be reused.
reducing
▪
The government has committed itself to reducing carbon dioxide emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2000.
solid
▪
Traditionally, this cooling requirement has been accomplished using slices of solid carbon dioxide, better known as dry ice.
▪
Again, solid carbon is made as a byproduct.
▪
A sink is a natural way of capturing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and turning it back into solid carbon.
▪
In that way, all the oxygen can be recovered, with solid carbon dust as the only byproduct.
▪
Thus, unlike water, the solid carbon dioxide is denser than the liquid.
▪
An increase of applied pressure thus favours formation of solid carbon dioxide.
▪
Blown rubber forefoot outsole with solid carbon rubber heel.
■ NOUN
atom
▪
Buckyballs, of buckminsterfullerene, are soccer-ball-shaped assemblages of 60 carbon atoms .
▪
Any molecule with this group attached to a carbon atom is called an alcohol.
▪
The two substances differ from each other only in the geometric pattern with which the carbon atoms are packed.
▪
In this group of ions the carbon atom is surrounded by three oxygen atoms in a planar triangle.
▪
In diamonds, the carbon atoms are packed in a tetrahedral pattern which is extremely stable.
▪
The hydrogen-to-carbon atom ratio is perhaps a better index.
▪
This leaves one electron on each carbon atom unaccounted for.
▪
This is illustrated in Figure 4. 2 which shows the hydrogen-to-carbon atom ratio of various hydrocarbon.
content
▪
It is closely related to peat and has a relatively low carbon content and high moisture content.
▪
Cast Iron Iron with a high carbon content .
▪
It would be based on the carbon content of fuels and would have the biggest effect on the coal industry.
▪
The total carbon content has, therefore, been taken as the carbon content and quoted as a percentage weight.
▪
The percentage carbon content of a coal is important because the calorific value depends on it.
▪
Half the new tax would be on the carbon content of fossil fuel and half on the energy content.
copy
▪
The legal arrangements for the transfer are virtual carbon copies of those agreed for Hong Kong.
▪
The new Bernard's is not a carbon copy of the original.
▪
Photocopy or make carbon copies of all transcribed texts.
▪
He found two carbon copies of such a list, neatly typed.
▪
To her annoyance Holly pushed the carbon copy on to Rain's desk and went away with the other.
▪
After the card has been used, ask for carbon copies and destroy them.
▪
It was a carbon copy of an attack 18 months ago.
▪
He was as near as dammit to being a stylistic carbon copy of Hell.
dioxide
▪
Atmospheric carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere is increasing measurably.
▪
The failure of the Martian greenhouse effect is obviously not due to any shortage of carbon dioxide !
▪
It estimates that in that time it cut its carbon dioxide emissions by more than 20 percent.
▪
They produce bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which push the cake or bread batter up.
▪
When we breathe we take oxygen into the body and expel the waste gas, carbon dioxide , or CO2.
▪
And it probably always will, since no conceivable technology can prevent petroleum combustion from producing carbon dioxide .
▪
The corresponding carbon dioxide emissions were down by a similar amount.
▪
Additionally, carbon dioxide is produced as a result of continued metabolism.
emission
▪
Some attacked the fact that faster growth has been environmentally unsound, creating excessive carbon emissions and destroying natural habitats.
▪
Their purpose is to encourage countries to ratify the Kyoto protocol on reducing carbon emissions .
▪
He has also proposed yearly progress reports updating targets on everything from recycling to carbon emissions .
▪
Can energy efficiency and a greater dependence on natural gas cut carbon emissions sufficiently on their own?
▪
Levels have fallen from 60.2 percent of total national carbon emissions to 49.5 percent in 1989.
▪
The report was commissioned from scientists in five countries in order to assess the impact of dramatic reductions in carbon emissions .
▪
The government predicts that on current trends carbon emissions will rise from 160 million tons to 170 million tons in the 1990s.
fibre
▪
The canopy, which hinges forwards, is made of flat sheets of poly-carbonate, framed with carbon fibre for stiffness.
▪
The body is aluminium and carbon fibre , and the chassis is glued together for extra fly-away lightness.
▪
These carbon fibre rollers are used by firms manufacturing machines for a variety of uses including films, textiles and paper.
▪
They are made by winding resin-laced strands of carbon fibre round a mandrel and then curing in an oven.
▪
One of them big mining companies did it, only they used carbon fibre .
▪
These chitin fibres are embedded in matrix materials, making the wall material like a carbon fibre composite.
▪
And because the body is made from light carbon fibre , the result is a staggering 380 brake horsepower per ton.
▪
The architects say the carbon fibre structure is a design for the nineties.
monoxide
▪
The World Health Organisation has published guidelines for safe emissions of carbon monoxide .
▪
This surface reaction of oxygen and carbon releases carbon monoxide which migrates outward and upon encountering oxygen burns to carbon dioxide.
▪
Other fires Gas or paraffin heaters should only ever be used in well ventilated rooms as they give off carbon monoxide .
▪
Hauserman said a First Alert detector sounded in his office, where the only source of carbon monoxide is the nearby interstate.
▪
The products of coal gasification include carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and nitrogen.
▪
The standard requires detectors to sound before carbon monoxide levels exceed 100 parts per million for 90 minutes.
▪
The only raw materials needed are carbon monoxide and methanol.
▪
The air in El Paso is arguably the dirtiest in Texas, violating federal standards for ozone, carbon monoxide and particulates.
paper
▪
Carbonless paper coated with chemicals and dye which will produce copies without carbon paper.
▪
A final covering of aluminium foil or carbon paper reduces the risk of detection by X-ray machines.
▪
They use that magic carbon paper .
▪
The flattened shape is transferred to a sheet of leather by mangling carbon paper between the two.
▪
A smell I had waited all day to smell-old and sweet, the carbon paper .
▪
Books and papers were either remembered or copied, sometimes ten typed sheets at once, on carbon paper.
sink
▪
That failure will most likely be papered over with creative accounting, shifting definitions of carbon sinks , and so on.
▪
The biggest source of contention is carbon sinks .
▪
But the science of carbon sinks is terrifyingly imprecise, scientists warn.
tax
▪
What about plans for a carbon tax ?
▪
The carbon tax could lead to a doubling of prices for fossil fuels.
▪
Proposals for a worldwide carbon tax and the phasing out of coal-burning generators appear to have been ruled out.
▪
But internationally agreed carbon taxes , permits and rising global temperatures may push the world along the road towards accepting the unacceptable.
▪
The other strand of the community's policy, a carbon tax , now looks unlikely to be approved by ministers.
▪
The chemical industry, however, is opposed to a carbon tax for several reasons.
▪
Is it expected that that will be the embryo for a carbon tax to pay for more investment in renewable energies?
▪
Collor has spoken favourably of the idea of an international carbon tax .
tetrachloride
▪
A failure of a centrifugal pump, also in February, resulted in a small release of carbon tetrachloride .
▪
Alan Townshend, professor of analytical chemistry at Hull, agrees that phasing out carbon tetrachloride is a minor worry.
▪
And so, too, do carbon tetrachloride and methyl chloroform.
▪
It was feared the burning Alloprene was producing phosgene gas, carbon tetrachloride and hydrochloric acid.
■ VERB
absorb
▪
These plants absorb the carbon dioxide released by the corals and so help to keep the water oxygenated.
▪
Rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and produce the oxygen essential for all life, including our own.
▪
For plants to photosynthesise and produce sugars in their leaf cells, they need to absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.
▪
One way of absorbing the extra carbon dioxide would be to plant more trees.
▪
Living tropical forests also absorb carbon dioxide.
▪
A forest on this scale would absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide.
based
▪
It would be based on the carbon content of fuels and would have the biggest effect on the coal industry.
cause
▪
The Echo investigation highlighted a series of deaths caused by carbon monoxide poisoning from faulty gas fires.
▪
There is no evidence to suggest that the chimney was capped deliberately to cause carbon monoxide poisoning.
▪
Washington continues to challenge the scientific claim that global warming is in part caused by emissions of carbon dioxide.
contain
▪
The end product contains mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the gasification step plus a little methane from the carbonisation.
▪
The very weakest meteors also contain large amounts of carbon , far more than we see in even the most carbon-rich meteorites.
▪
The fog, apart from being a mutated organism, now contains carbon dioxide and various other impurities.
▪
The resulting products usually contain carbon double bonds.
▪
Carbon dioxide invariably contains 27.37% carbon and 72.73% oxygen, by mass.
▪
Carbohydrates in pure form contain only carbon , hydrogen, and oxygen.
▪
The device contains a carbon dioxide cylinder which released gas into a coiled chamber.
▪
In general coals contain carbon , hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur with various other trace elements.
cut
▪
The new standards cut emissions of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, gaseous hydrocarbons and particulate matter.
▪
It estimates that in that time it cut its carbon dioxide emissions by more than 20 percent.
▪
Doubling rail traffic would cut carbon dioxide emissions by only about 3 percent.
▪
Speeding up urban traffic could save 10 percent of fuel, and so cut back on carbon dioxide.
▪
They are demanding that richer countries cut back their carbon emissions to compensate.
form
▪
Combustion: Benzene burns to form carbon dioxide and water.
▪
When they are burned, their carbon combines with oxygen from the atmosphere to form carbon dioxide gas.
▪
In combination with oxygen it forms the gas carbon dioxide.
include
▪
The products of coal gasification include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and nitrogen.
▪
Reducing agents used for this purpose include carbon or other metals.
increase
▪
Cigarettes increase the carbon monoxide level in the blood.
▪
As irradiance increases the carbon dioxide supply becomes more important and eventually limiting.
▪
At that point, however, the still increasing emissions of carbon dioxide will begin the upward spiral once more.
▪
That is a neat package for increasing the output of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
▪
Any tissue starved of oxygen increases its carbon dioxide production and the lungs compensate by deep and sighing respirations.
produce
▪
So more and more coal, gas and oil are burned producing more carbon dioxide.
▪
They produce bubbles of carbon dioxide gas, which push the cake or bread batter up.
▪
And burning coal, of course, produces , carbon dioxide as well as sulphur dioxide.
▪
And it probably always will, since no conceivable technology can prevent petroleum combustion from producing carbon dioxide.
▪
The most immediate is that they take up oxygen from water to support their respiration and produce carbon dioxide.
▪
Sodium bicarbonate plus an acid will produce bubbles of carbon dioxide gas.
▪
The yeast feeds on the sugar and produces alcohol and carbon dioxide.
▪
Instead the bubbles are produced by injecting carbon dioxide into the finished wine.
reduce
▪
Their purpose is to encourage countries to ratify the Kyoto protocol on reducing carbon emissions.
▪
Other companies have studied ways to offset or reduce emissions of carbon dioxide.
▪
The new plan focused on reducing carbon dioxide emissions by cutting energy consumption.
▪
When carbon monoxide is the reducing agent, carbon dioxide is produced.
▪
This would reduce carbon emissions and would also provide alternative uses for farm surpluses.
▪
It reduces the carbon in carbon dioxide.
▪
The alternative is to reduce carbon consumption by 90 % over the next 10 years.
▪
The higher thermal efficiency resulting from the topping cycle reduces the amount of carbon dioxide produced per unit of power generated.
release
▪
In addition, the fierce solar heat released further carbon from its surface rocks.
▪
This surface reaction of oxygen and carbon releases carbon monoxide which migrates outward and upon encountering oxygen burns to carbon dioxide.
▪
Because the diesel engine uses so much less fuel it releases substantially less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
▪
That harmlessly releases 600 litres of carbon dioxide into the air every second.
▪
Simply using energy and fuel efficiently could stop us releasing much of the carbon dioxide we currently emit.
▪
It would feed into, and further exacerbate, global warming by releasing vast amounts of carbon .
remove
▪
Potassium hydroxide is injected into the tube to remove carbon dioxide.
▪
They also remove the carbon and make it available to plants as carbon dioxide.
use
▪
Traditionally, this cooling requirement has been accomplished using slices of solid carbon dioxide, better known as dry ice.
▪
The process uses small chips of carbon to adsorb the gold dissolved in solution.
▪
The residue, a carbon-based char, can be used instead of activated carbon in, for instance, sewage works.
▪
After the card has been used , ask for carbon copies and destroy them.
▪
Complete the application for an official search using a carbon for the duplicate copy comprised in the one form.
▪
Many outsoles now combine the two and use the carbon rubber in the heel or other high impact points.
▪
Aquifers could be used as carbon stores, if they could be made gas-tight.
▪
They use that magic carbon paper.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
oil-based/carbon-based/computer-based etc
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
But in practice, modern Earthly life is a protege of water, as much as it is of carbon .
▪
In the other two mechanisms, buckminsterfullerene is formed by a combination of specific precursor carbon clusters.
▪
The best way to get that carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is to warm the entire planet.
▪
The more carbon , the more mess.
▪
The plant material itself is converted to black carbon .
▪
The platinum catalyses the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons with air to give carbon dioxide and water vapour.
▪
This same basic cycle could also operate on the interconversion of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide plus oxygen.