adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a genetic disorder (= caused by a gene from your parents )
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Progeria is a genetic disorder which accelerates ageing.
a genetic/hereditary condition (= that is passed from parent to child )
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The disease is a genetic condition that eventually causes blindness.
a genetic/inherited defect (= one that is passed to you in your genes )
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The condition is caused by a genetic defect.
genetic blueprint
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By changing the tomato’s genetic blueprint , scientists can alter the rate at which it ripens.
genetic code
genetic diversity (= having many different genes )
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We need to protect genetic diversity in plants.
genetic engineering
genetic fingerprinting
genetic modification (= when the DNA of a living thing is changed )
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the genetic modification of plants and animals
genetic/inherited traits
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
algorithm
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For neural nets and genetic algorithms , it is not so much fallible as crude.
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About half that many papers dealt with genetic algorithms .
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The idea of genetic algorithms is to mimic natural Darwinian selection of genetic codes.
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The method involved forms half of a genetic algorithm .
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The full genetic algorithm will be described below.
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Enthusiasts for genetic algorithms do not seem worried about this.
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The random part is what makes genetic algorithms slow.
basis
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The problem certainly runs in families, although research hasn't yet identified a genetic basis .
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So-called aberrant behavior, in particular lesbian and homosexual behavior, was shown to have a natural precedent and a genetic basis .
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The genetic basis of quantitative genetic variation is being investigated at the molecular genetic and population level.
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One is that there is no genetic basis for race.
blueprint
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By manipulation of the tomato's genetic blueprint , scientists can alter the rate at which it ripens.
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J., and is the fourth microbial genetic blueprint Human Genome has determined.
change
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Treatments which would pass genetic changes to the children of patients are not so far permitted.
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In other words, purely genetic changes do not all, or even mostly, tend towards improvement.
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The human species has probably not undergone much genetic change in recorded time.
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It may well be that genetic change , like sub-atomic change, is probabilistic rather than deterministic.
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A small genetic change might let her have grubs of her own.
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It may seem that the element of randomness in genetic change is not very efficient.
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A limited pool of parents and a new environment means a subsequent genetic change .
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There may hence be two hundred thousand genetic changes each year in that city alone.
code
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One works by crossing two parents with slightly different genetic codes , and mixing their genes randomly.
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Language is the same in this respect as telegraphy, genetic codes , and mathematics.
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These examples show clearly that the human genetic code does not contain specific instructions to behave in a particular way.
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Even the genetic code , which is arbitrary, is the same in all species.
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The idea of genetic algorithms is to mimic natural Darwinian selection of genetic codes .
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There is no biological need for each to have the same genetic code .&038;.
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True enough, these two groups use the same basic genetic code .
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Their genetic code cells were showing similar deformities to those of Chernobyl residents.
component
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Genetic evidence A number of studies have now firmly established the existence of a genetic component in the transmission of schizophrenia.
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The same study finds a genetic component to the susceptibility to nicotine addiction, too.
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Evidence supporting a genetic component to predisposition comes mainly from a large study of 15924 male twin pairs.
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Sometimes there seems to be a genetic component .
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Finding a remedy may be easier because there is less of a genetic component .
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In the case of diseases, the effect of any genetic component is more clear cut.
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The unusual geographical distribution is equally compatible with a genetic component .
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Because the sample is so large, even the last of these shows evidence of a genetic component .
constitution
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For the first time in the history of our species, we can dictate the final genetic constitution of the offspring.
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Identical twins have the same genetic constitution and usually a similar upbringing.
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The rules for interpretation will depend on the genetic constitution of the cells and their developmental history.
control
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Rothenbuhler's experiments on the hygienic behaviour of bees provides a very clear example of the genetic control of behaviour.
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Reproductive behaviour may also have more freedom from genetic control and be more accessible to social influence among humans than sociobiology acknowledges.
counselling
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She subsequently attended the genetic counselling clinic, and was very anxious about the situation.
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We included genetic counselling alone, for familial cases when no prenatal diagnosis is available, among primary preventive approaches.
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As albinism is of genetic origin, genetic counselling should be available to teenagers.
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Complaints of headaches should be taken seriously and genetic counselling made available at the appropriate time.
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Macular degeneration can be hereditary and genetic counselling appropriate.
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Some cases are hereditary so genetic counselling should be given.
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One of the first steps will be to organise genetic counselling for all children not yet tested.
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Family 1 Patient 301 was the first person in this family to be referred for genetic counselling .
defect
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A clear example of a mutation altering development is the inherited genetic defect , sickle cell anaemia.
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Just as a ratchet turns easily one way but can not turn back, so genetic defects inevitably accumulate.
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They announced yesterday that their treatment also eliminates the genetic defect in laboratory mice, bred with cystic fibrosis.
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The pair announced that they had identified a genetic defect in the dopamine system of some alcoholics.
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The finding could ultimately lead to a way to correct the genetic defect , scientists say.
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The mouse is bred with the genetic defect but remains alive, enabling potential cures to be tested out on it.
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Cancer, genetic defects and accelerated ageing can be caused by exposure to low level radiation.
difference
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The factors that influence the size of the proliferative compartment are less clear, though in rats there are genetic differences .
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But others at the Tuskegee meeting cautioned against dismissing too casually possible genetic differences in health outcomes among racial and ethnic groups.
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But this study has, for the first time, clearly demonstrated a genetic difference between concordant and discordant identical twins.
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The extent to which these categories reflect underlying genetic differences is unknown.
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They are worried that genetic differences imported into the native flora will have profound ecological consequences.
disease
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This study exemplifies the combined use of human and mouse genetics to dissect human genetic diseases involving multiple genes and complex phenotypes.
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Will we use our technological brilliance to annihilate genetic diseases before they strike?
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You can cure many genetic diseases by changing the environment.
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Many genetic diseases are now routinely tested for in this way.
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Cancer is a genetic disease of body cells.
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The human genome project opens up the possibility of eliminating certain inherited, genetic diseases .
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There are about 4000 inherited human genetic diseases .
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Animals can also serve as ` models' for human genetic diseases .
disorder
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A genetic disorder led to her using a cane and seeking a hip replacement.
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She had Sanfilippo's syndrome, a genetic disorder that attacks the nervous system.
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Some genetic disorders predispose individuals to the toxic effects of substances found in the workplace or environment.
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Their ruthless pursuit of Navajos in the 1860s led to isolation of a small band, which interbred, risking genetic disorders .
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About one child in 20 admitted to hospital has some kind of genetic disorder .
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Was it overlooked because it demonstrates that insights into genetic disorders can be gained without use of human embryos?
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Bradley and colleagues are well aware of these problems as they seek to justify newborn screening for this untreatable genetic disorder .
diversity
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In the long term, the loss of genetic diversity will reduce the gene pool available for agricultural crops.
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Such behavioral diversity serves the same function as genetic diversity, and indeed compensates for restrictions on genetic diversity.
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The world's main food and livestock species have centres of genetic diversity in the South.
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Such behavioral diversity serves the same function as genetic diversity, and indeed compensates for restrictions on genetic diversity.
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For more than 10 years voluntary organizations around the world have been working to collect and conserve genetic diversity in community seed banks.
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Another possible place of chaos in genetic diversity generation is in the origin of life.
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The existing pool offered too little genetic diversity to support energetic research, they said.
endowment
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The basic similarity between cells refers not only to their general plan but also to their genetic endowment .
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The offspring, however, are slightly different from one another in genetic endowment .
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This set of preoccupations led the ethologists to assume a more complex and extensive set of genetic endowments underlying behaviour.
engineer
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For the genetic engineers , the grail of nitrogen-fixation remains unattainable.
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Recently, John Fagin, an internationally recognized molecular biologist and former genetic engineer from Fairfield, Iowa, made a stand.
engineering
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It is a widespread phenomenon, not restricted to nuclear power or genetic engineering .
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Why all the concentration on genetic engineering ?
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They are widely used in genetic engineering as vectors into which foreign genes are inserted for subsequent cloning or expression in cells.
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But could this fantasy of genetic engineering ever become reality?
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The film, starring Sam Neill and Laura Dern, mixes palaeontology and genetic engineering .
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In the event the anticipated collapse of the first genetic engineering company amid a pile of bad debts did not come about.
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There is also considerable potential for the development of novel biological control agents by genetic engineering .
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There is a good chapter on biotechnology and genetic engineering , with a simple explanation of gene splicing.
factor
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On average, environmental factors caused about twice as many cancers as inborn genetic factors.
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While some aspects of personality development are influenced by genetic factors , others are influenced by the environment.
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In short, genetic factors are regarded as crucial in determining the eventual performance n sport.
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The authors concluded that genetic factors play a major role in the etiology of alcoholism in women.
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They also concluded that genetic factors alone, without environmental interactions, could account for this segregation.
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He concludes that changes in genetic factors obviously can not explain the crime wave.
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Given that the involvement of genetic factors is no longer in dispute, two questions need to be answered.
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Ulcers tend to run in families, and genetic factors may make some people more susceptible to aggressive factors than others.
fingerprint
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Nothing on the bodies, except of course as you pointed out his genetic fingerprint .
information
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Transduction of genetic information by bacteriophages occurs in many groups of bacteria.
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Until recently, it was rare for legislation to address genetic information in relation to health insurance at all.
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Its digital nature is not an incidental fact that happens to be true of genetic information technology.
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Now there is a patchwork of state legislation enacted to deal with the legal and ethical issues raised by genetic information .
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Transconjugant: a bacterium with new genetic information resulting from conjugation.
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The reason is not clear, but must be the result of some subtle change in the genetic information in the nucleus.
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Fertility genes enable a plasmid's genetic information to be transferred from a donor to a recipient strain.
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The study is being published as the commission launches a huge public consultation on the future use of genetic information .
inheritance
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If he did, the probability is that his genetic inheritance played its part somewhere along the line.
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I appreciate that scientists may believe our characteristics and tendencies are passed on by genetic inheritance .
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Likes and dislikes can not be put down to pure genetic inheritance alone.
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Temperament seems to be the result of three different factors - genetic inheritance , past experience and present environment.
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The evidence for genetic inheritance is much less strong for the less severe forms of depression.
makeup
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However, scientists predict they will soon be able to map the entire human genetic makeup .
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They studied mice whose genetic makeup gives them distinctive yellow fur, but also makes them chubby.
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Caregivers and families need to recognize that they, too, have been influenced by their own earlier experiences and genetic makeup .
manipulation
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I'd forgotten the genetic manipulation .
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Principles for the Future Biologists tend to view the future of genetic manipulation as promising.
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Several prominent firms engaged in genetic manipulation for the agricultural and food industries have been excluded from participation in the venture.
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The Institute has facilities for work with pathogenic viruses and for genetic manipulation .
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So Potrykus used genetic manipulation to insert genes from the daffodil that encode the biological machinery for production of beta carotene.
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But, as genetic manipulation leaves the laboratory and enters the factory, just how safe is it?
marker
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In the larger context your parents inherited their blood groups and other genetic markers from their ancestors.
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Research is currently in progress to detect an accurate genetic marker for the disease.
material
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Secondly, of course, fertilisation adds genetic material .
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That enzyme is crucial to the translation of the virus' genetic material and the reproduction of more viruses inside the host.
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Bacteria can conjugate sexually and exchange genetic material through a connecting tube that forms between two cells.
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It involves taking genetic material from an adult mammal and inserting it into an unfertilized egg cell.
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No novel genetic material will be introduced into the environment.
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The more violent the oscillations the greater the amount of parasitic genetic material .
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The genetic material has to divide exactly.
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The work was conducted on genetic material retrieved from embryos, not on embryos themselves.
modification
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So we have a convenient animal to study for which there are also real benefits of cloning and genetic modification .
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Many people argue that we need genetic modification of crops and animals in order to feed the world.
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Meanwhile international seed suppliers and scientists have admitted that contamination of crops by genetic modification is probably widespread.
mutation
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Fears that radiotherapy would cause genetic mutations leading to handicaps in offspring appear to be groundless, according to studies among 3,000 survivors.
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But in the 1980s, scientists found that a genetic mutation was responsible.
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Variations occur within a population, explicable as genetic mutations or the results of mixing of genetic material.
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On the other hand, most cases of the disease seem to develop without genetic mutations , Gibbs said.
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With enough genetic mutations at hand, the behaviour could perhaps have evolved independently in each species.
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Some people may have a predisposition to the genetic mutations that lead to disease.
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A staging system for established cancer might also be based on genetic mutations .
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Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.
predisposition
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But what can the new genetic science tell us about genetic predispositions towards certain kinds of behaviour?
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However, a genetic predisposition does not seem to be the only factor that accounts for these disorders.
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The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.
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But as the study just cited indicates, environmental influences can powerfully affect the way genetic predispositions are expressed in human behavior.
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If he too is just an automaton driven by his genetic predispositions what can be the scientific value of his observations?
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Perhaps in people with a genetic predisposition , the trigger sends the immune system into permanent overdrive and disarray.
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There are interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors.
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Some kind of genetic predisposition also is likely.
relationship
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They already believe the illness can be inherited through a complex pattern of genetic relationships .
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There is, however, no reason to suppose that animals have a concept of genetic relationship .
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The frequency in other family members is directly related to the closeness of the genetic relationship .
research
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Neurophysiology and genetic research will, without doubt, have profound social impacts.
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It already is discouraging participation in vital genetic research that could lead to effective new preventive medical strategies and cures.
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It has already applied for more than 6,000 patents based on its genetic research .
test
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Many more tests Mike Urmston of the Norwich Union says the use of genetic test results benefits most people with gene disorders.
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And new genetic tests for other dread diseases are appearing almost every day.
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Merely asking for a genetic test moved her into a high-risk insurance category.
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The discovery could lead to a genetic test that would identify people who face a heightened cancer risk because they are carriers.
trait
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Nocturnal enuresis alone, particularly if primary, is both a disorder of maturation and a genetic trait .
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Cultural practices, like genetic traits , are transmitted from individual to individual.
variation
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The genetic basis of quantitative genetic variation is being investigated at the molecular genetic and population level.
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This suggests that human genetic variation is the result of only a few thousand minor differences between proteins.
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Heritability is defined as the proportion due to genes; it is the ratio of genetic variation to the total variation.
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Darwinian selection has to have genetic variation to work on.
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The amount of standing genetic variation for ageing within populations, and the number of genes involved, are not informative.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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genetic mutations
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They now have a genetic test for that disease.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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And new genetic tests for other dread diseases are appearing almost every day.
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Another possible place of chaos in genetic diversity generation is in the origin of life.
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By manipulation of the tomato's genetic blueprint, scientists can alter the rate at which it ripens.
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Chaotic population dynamics has a surprising cross-level effect which has enormous significance for genetic structure and evolution.
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Evidence supporting a genetic component to predisposition comes mainly from a large study of 15924 male twin pairs.
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Language differences, a huge barrier to mating, exemplify genetic isolating mechanisms.
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Others were a mixture of genetic strands, part terrestrial, part non.
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Who knows, for example, what the pharmaceutical business will look like when the potentials of genetic engineering have been realized?