POLITICAL


Meaning of POLITICAL in English

adjective

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a financial/political etc deal

After weeks of negotiation the prospect of a political deal seemed increasingly unlikely.

a legal/political/technical etc obstacle

Despite technical obstacles, scientists at NASA are considering the project.

a military/political etc concession

In the past they have tried to exchange territorial concessions for peace.

a moral/ethical/political etc dilemma

Doctors face a moral dilemma over how long to prolong someone's life.

a party political broadcast (= a short television advertisement made by a political party )

How are party political broadcasts funded?

a peaceful/political solution (= one that does not involve fighting )

We will continue to work strenuously for a political solution acceptable to all parties.

a political advantage

Republicans have a political advantage in most of those areas.

a political aim

We utterly condemn any acts of violence in pursuit of political aims.

a political alliance

They agreed not to make any political alliance with the East.

a political boundary

Reforms could extend the geographical and political boundaries of the EU.

a political campaign

She was involved in many political campaigns.

a political coalition

a political coalition of centre parties

a political conspiracy

Were the killings part of a political conspiracy?

a political correspondent

As our political correspondent wrote last week, this decision is welcome.

a political demonstration (= to protest about the government or a political policy )

She was arrested twice for her part in political demonstrations.

a political disturbance (= about political ideas )

Political disturbances followed the announcement.

a political enemy

the prime minister’s political enemies

a political favour

He was accused of granting political favours in return for illegal payments.

a political gamble

His determination to go ahead with the plan, despite the unrest, was a huge political gamble.

a political leader

He became the country’s most influential political leader.

a political minefield

Challenging the system would be to enter a political minefield.

a political motive

The murders might have a political motive.

a political opponent

the President's political opponents

a political party

The Labour Party and the Conservative Party are the two main political parties in Britain.

a political prisoner (= one who is in prison because of their political opinions )

They demanded that the military government free all political prisoners.

a political rally

Her parents were often away attending political rallies.

a political regime

All political regimes attempt to manipulate the media.

a political reporter

Pinchetti became the magazine's top political reporter.

a political risk

The political risks for the President are minimal.

a political rival

At the time, France and Britain were major political rivals.

a political scandal (= involving politicians )

The Health Secretary now finds himself at the centre of a political scandal.

a political settlement (= one that is reached by political discussion, not fighting )

The British government favours a political settlement in the Middle East.

a political slogan

The walls had political slogans daubed on them.

a political speech

She began writing political speeches for local politicians.

a political storm

The company became the centre of a political storm.

a political strategy

Baldwin’s political strategy was almost totally successful.

a political supporter

He is one of the governor's key political supporters.

a political vacuum

Military leaders stepped in to fill the political vacuum.

a political/financial etc consultant

A team of political consultants shaped his election campaign.

a political/legal dispute

There was a long legal dispute between the two companies.

a political/medical/military etc career

The scandal ruined his political career.

a political/military/economic setback

The defeat represented a major political setback for the conservatives.

a political/social/economic etc issue

They discussed a number of political issues.

a social/political/cultural dimension

His writing has a strong political dimension.

academic/political/environmental etc criteria

The winning product must satisfy a range of environmental criteria.

academic/political/literary etc circles

There has been a lot of debate about this issue in political circles.

an economic/military/business/political etc objective

We have made good progress towards meeting our business objectives.

an economic/political/financial etc crisis

The country was headed into an economic crisis.

be on the political agenda

Immigration is an important issue on the political agenda.

business/political/financial etc acumen

The firm’s success is largely due to Brannon’s commercial acumen.

cultural/political/racial etc divide

people on both sides of the political divide

cultural/political/regional etc differences

the major cultural differences between the west and the east

different/political/temporary etc in nature

Any government funding would be temporary in nature.

economic/political importance

The role of the police has great political importance.

economic/political/scientific etc analysis

His book provided a scientific analysis of human behaviour.

economic/political/social etc chaos

Afterwards there was widespread famine and economic chaos.

economic/practical/political etc necessity

I’m afraid it’s become a matter of economic necessity .

economics/sports/political etc editor

election/sports/political etc coverage

He claims the election coverage has been biased against him.

environmental/political/social awareness

for legal/political/medical etc reasons

The boy cannot be named for legal reasons.

for political/military/educational/medicinal etc purposes

This technology could be used for military purposes.

for purely political reasons

a decision made for purely political reasons

from a political point of view

From the political point of view, it was important that the country showed it was adhering to the treaty.

from a theoretical/political/economic etc standpoint

Let’s look at the questions from an economic standpoint.

grant...political asylum (= give )

No country would grant him political asylum .

international/diplomatic/political isolation

the country’s continuing political isolation

legal/political/economic etc ramifications

the environmental ramifications of the road-building program

military/political etc cooperation

The association deals with trade and economic cooperation.

of a personal/political/difficult etc nature

The support being given is of a practical nature.

on the economic/political etc front

On the technical front, there have been a number of important developments.

party political broadcast

a party political broadcast on television

party political

a party political broadcast on television

party/political loyalty

Most of the people seem to vote according to party loyalty.

personal/professional/political etc integrity

a man of great moral integrity

political action committee

political action

Some forms of political action are more effective than others.

political activity

Political activity is closely controlled by the government.

political affairs

The military promised to stay out of political affairs.

political allegiances

The people here have strong political allegiances .

political allies

a network of political allies

Political analysts

Political analysts expect the Conservatives to win.

political asylum

Refugees were seeking political asylum in Britain.

political attitudes

a survey of people’s political attitudes

political commitment

There was no local political commitment to the proposal.

political correctness

Political correctness has had an impact on the language people use to describe women.

political courage (= the courage to take risks in politics )

Do our politicians have the political courage to make unpopular decisions?

political creed

Marxism has never been weaker as a political creed .

political debate (= involving members of political parties )

There was much political debate on pensions reform.

political donations (= to help political parties or for political purposes )

He was raising political donations to support the President's re-election.

political economy

political evolution

Prime Minister Nehru played a significant role in the political evolution of India.

political expediency

the ethics of political expediency

political fallout

The political fallout of the affair cost him his job.

political geography

political hot potato

The issue has become a political hot potato .

political ideals

Are you willing to fight for your political ideals?

political implications

The court’s decision could have far-reaching political implications.

political instinct

The minister's shrewd political instincts didn't let him down.

political intrigue

It’s an exciting story of political intrigue and murder.

political leanings

his radical political leanings

political liberty

The party has a tradition of fighting for increased political liberty.

political machinations

the political machinations of far right groups

political machine

the Chicago mayor’s political machine

political maturity

the era when the Republic came to political maturity

political oblivion (= used to say that something is forgotten in politics )

The party attracted little support and collapsed into political oblivion.

political popularity

The sagging economy has seriously damaged his political popularity.

political posturing

He dismissed the Senator’s comments as ‘ political posturing ’.

political pressure

We did not make this recommendation because of political pressure.

political prisoner

political propaganda

Don't believe all the political propaganda.

political protest

Lee spent five years in prison for his involvement in political protest.

political rhetoric

The speech was dismissed by some people as merely political rhetoric .

political rights

Slaves had no political rights.

political ruin

The scandal left the government on the brink of political ruin.

political science

political survival

The prime minister is fighting for his political survival.

political tension

The heightened political tension could easily spill over into violence.

political terrorism

He openly supported political terrorism in his youth.

political unrest

A month of political unrest followed the killing of 12 protesters by the police.

political vendetta

the victim of a political vendetta

political views

His political views have not changed.

political wilderness

the re-emergence of Richard Nixon from the political wilderness in 1968

political will (= determination on the part of governments and politicians )

There was a lack of political will to do anything about global warming.

political/cultural/economic influence

French political influence began to dominate the country.

political/democratic/constitutional reform

He stressed that democratic reform could not be achieved overnight.

political/economic etc clout

people with financial clout

political/economic independence

Zambia achieved political independence without a prolonged conflict.

political/economic/cultural etc dominance

the economic and political dominance of Western countries

political/economic/military power

countries with little economic power

political/emotional/economic/religious etc turmoil

the prospect of another week of political turmoil

political/financial corruption

It is a country with a long history of political corruption.

political/gay/animal rights etc activist

political/gender/racial etc bias

political bias in the press

political/intellectual/cultural etc ferment

the artistic ferment of the late sixth century

political/media/TV etc pundits

If you believe the fashion pundits, we’ll all be wearing pink this year.

political/military financial etc ends

The government exploited the situation for political ends.

political/presidential ambitions

His political ambitions were put on hold while he waited for a suitable opportunity.

political/racial/sexual etc oppression

They suffered years of political oppression.

political/religious controversy

The agreement attracted a lot of political controversy.

political/religious freedom (= freedom to have any political/religious beliefs )

The people were given political freedom for the first time in the country's history.

political/religious orientation

The meeting is open to everyone, whatever their political or religious orientation.

political/religious overtones (= having a connection to politics or religion that is not directly expressed )

The decision may have political overtones.

political/religious persuasion

We need people with talent, whatever their political persuasions.

political/scientific etc consensus

The scientific consensus is that global warming is already occurring.

political/scientific/academic etc credibility

A school's academic credibility often depends on its exam results.

political/scientific/feminist etc viewpoint

From an ecological viewpoint, the motorway has been a disaster.

political/social conflict

Widespread unemployment often leads to social conflict.

political/social etc history

the political history of Germany

political/social satire

a comedy group that does political satire

political/social/economic etc elite

the domination of power by a small political elite

political/social/economic etc grouping

During this period the family unit becomes the natural social grouping.

political/social/economic etc repercussions

political/social/economic realities

He's ignoring political realities.

political/social/historical etc significance

The political significance of this change should not be underestimated.

professional/political obscurity (= not known about in your profession or in politics )

After his defeat, he sank into political obscurity.

racial/social/political harmony

We aim to promote racial harmony through shared sporting activities.

religious/political principles

Doesn’t working on Sunday conflict with your religious principles?

religious/political/ideological etc dogma

the rejection of political dogma

sb’s (political/religious etc) affiliation

the newspaper’s political affiliations

seeking political asylum

Refugees were seeking political asylum in Britain.

social/political/cultural etc formation

Marx founded a new science: the science of the history of social formations.

social/political/economic consequences

The rise in food prices has had enormous economic and political consequences.

social/political/economic equality

Black people had to fight for social and economic equality with whites.

social/political/economic etc change

Demands for political and social change are growing.

social/political/economic structure

Many changes had taken place in the social and political structure of the island.

sth’s historical/geographical/political etc origins

This type of story has its historical origins in eighteenth century gothic novels.

the geographical origins of the plant

technical/legal/political barriers

Most of the technical barriers have been solved.

the economic/political situation

The country’s economic situation continued to deteriorate.

the political environment

Ministers are having to make these decisions in a difficult political environment.

the political establishment (= the political rulers )

His resignation stunned the political establishment.

the political scene

This issue is going to continue to dominate the political scene.

the political sphere

Unions became more active in the political sphere.

the political/economic/social etc climate

At the time the political climate was moving steadily to the right.

the political/legal/educational etc system

The country is rightly proud of its legal system.

the political/military balance

By this time, the political balance in the Cabinet had altered.

the social/political/historical etc context

You often need to understand the cultural context of jokes.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ NOUN

action

At the level of political action two components have to be carefully distinguished.

As governor, Weld has shunned political action committee contributions.

I have never before asked readers of New Scientist to take political action .

Father Carroll subsequently avoided political action but publicly supported independence.

When industrial interest groups failed to get help, they took political action against the military.

Traffickers have become a political action committee.

Indeed, all political action to reduce car use seems as gridlocked as downtown New York.

This is a problem that cries out for political action .

activist

In the 1970s, the prevailing demand among political activists and their academic sympathizers was for freedom first and education later.

Mouthing off in crew buses hardly made me a political activist .

What would these people have to do if they did not infiltrate groups of young political activists ?

Hundreds of political activists are in prison.

After all, I reasoned, our government had better things to do than harass political activists .

Why is the fugitive slave, the fiery orator, the political activist , the abolitionist always represented as a black man?

In 1986, a political activist new to San Francisco was attending a fund-raiser to fight an anti-gay initiative.

activity

Gay politics here was much more about what we conventionally regard as political activity .

Using the methods of survey research, you might begin to analyze your own or others' political activity level.

She put herself through many risky experiences on the road, along with some vigorous political activity .

Forbes is continuing to fund his travels and political activities largely out of his own pocket.

In most cases, you will be required to request permission from your line manager before engaging in any political activity .

In grass roots politics interest grows mostly through non-party political activities .

Nigel did not seem to mind that his autonomous political activity had been abruptly curtailed.

The Yugoslav federal criminal law was changed in 1990 and many people convicted for similar non-violent political activity were released.

agenda

The unionists seemed in control not only of the talks but of the political agenda .

It tells us about his decision-making process, and about his political agenda .

Many artists in the 1930s followed an overtly political agenda .

Then money dries up, new political agendas are drawn, the people leave, new ones cease to come.

Reform of the rating system has long been on the political agenda .

Since then, the middle class has set the political agenda and put the old-style politicians and generals on the defensive.

In the short term, however, the Milan Conference had the beneficial result of placing deaf education on the political agenda .

But they are opposed to large swaths of his political agenda .

analyst

I shall leave that to be worked out by the political analysts .

You can see that there are many fascinating questions that you can examine as you become a more insightful political analyst .

Many political analysts assume so, although there is very limited empirical validation of this assumption.

The choice of a taxonomy depends upon the interests of the political analyst .

Most political analysts believe that Florida is a lost cause for the Democrats this year.

arena

These were the very qualities required in the political arena .

They do have a place in the political arena .

The assessment of basic expenditure needs should urgently be removed from the political arena .

Another possible problem could emerge from the political arena .

In what is invariably an increasingly highly charged party political arena the goal of co-ordinated local action is often difficult to sustain.

College activists from poor communities will bring their wealthy classmates into a political arena that will give the issue added visceral appeal.

Television's response to the struggle around Clause 28 reflected the status the campaign achieved in the political arena .

When decisions are made in the political arena , it is a fight to the death-somebody wins the election and somebody loses.

asylum

Most received political asylum in other countries, but others were killed by the security forces.

The Korbel family was granted political asylum in the United States in 1948, at a time when Albright was 11.

He intended to go to New York to seek political asylum .

Mr RuizMassieu recently requested political asylum .

I want the House to consider the circumstances under which people seek political asylum .

The Foreign Ministry said it had not received any immediate request for political asylum .

Many succeeded in gaining political asylum , but unfortunately not everyone.

Her parents were granted political asylum in the United States in 1948 following a Communist coup in Czechoslovakia.

career

The Harrods affair will not have helped his political career .

Molinari has had a run of big moments in her meteoric political career , and this latest is fittingly pyrotechnic.

Her rise had always been anticipated and when Mr Major secured the premiership her political career was more or less clinched.

Despite benefiting from the fund-raising networks established by their father during his 30-year political career , only one son rose.

Both admitted that they had much in common with the Liberals, but both dreamt of political careers with the Conservatives.

Though he had an impressive second-place finish to Lew Murphy in the general election, his political career was over.

Yet, in so far as it constituted his baptism as a politician, it is crucial to an understanding of his political career .

His platform is his life story and his political career .

change

However, Le Roy Ladurie sees the strikes and uprisings of this period as expressions or frustration rather than campaigns for political change .

There is substantial political energy inherent in the lower classes, and they are the active agents of major political change .

Economic and political change has now blurred differences between ways of life then distinct.

True, they were seeking certain renewed observances, certain reforms and certain political changes .

Because of the political changes wrought in the nineteenth century, they are by convention responsible now also to Parliament.

New means of electronic and digital imaging are emerging within societies that are undergoing significant economic, technological and political change .

The demands of the workers were more than ever focused upon political change .

climate

In the current political climate , an official strike would count under Condition 17 but not an unofficial one.

More money may become available; the staff or the political climate may change.

However, such an outcome seems highly unlikely in the present political climate .

But in the current anti-federal government political climate , the primary leadership will have to come from the state and local levels.

Home Office officials knew what needed to be done, but were inhibited by the political climate from doing it.

Besides the contrast in scale between the two cities, they also have far different political climates .

The Falklands War totally changed the public and political climate .

The more radical strategies will not be feasible unless the political climate of the organisation is conducive to major change.

context

Policy formulation takes place in a theoretical, social, economic and political context .

And sometimes the political context appears to change although there is no clear change in leadership or policy.

As indicated at the beginning of this chapter, Gelman's plays treat contemporary social and economic themes in their political context .

National histories and political contexts have to be taken into account.

These manifestations should, however, be studied in their social and political contexts .

This viewpoint must be set within the wider political context .

correctness

There is no need to reclaim political correctness from its detractors.

Style in Washington hangs from the twin pillars of conservatism and political correctness .

They used to call this politeness; now they call it political correctness .

We have to live with bullies of political correctness and just-plain bullies at the top.

Women like him too, and not just for his civil rights stand and political correctness .

And if the budget train wreck ended, there would still be -- political correctness .

Where Gilman scores is in her damning portrait of the evasions of political correctness .

From political correctness to the flagging tenure system, the right of unadulterated academic lip flapping seems increasingly embattled.

crisis

This tip-off sparked a furore in 1992 which swept Ireland into months of political crisis and instability.

Advisers said Arroyo will focus initially on reinvigorating the economy, battered by the political crisis .

The political crisis which vastly increased its recruitment could not help but give it an unusual character.

An economic and political crisis around 600 was resolved by the reforms of Solon.

In the political crisis of 1258, however, John Fitzgeoffrey was one of the king's chief opponents.

Within 15 minutes, the Prime Minister was facing his biggest political crisis for ... well, about a week.

For it is in essence a political crisis without an economic crisis.

culture

The result has been the first bold experiment in creating a global political culture .

Each successive ideal-type political culture involves more extensive involvement between individuals and the political order.

If so, what explains the existence of such a political culture ?

The second major type of political culture listed in Table 1. 2 is the subject culture.

This women's protest was received with expressions of outrage and puzzlement by men within the dominant political culture .

We speak of a political culture just as we can speak of an economic culture or a religious culture.

As the political culture changed so, it seemed, did the power of their critique.

We also defined the political culture as the particular incidence of patterns of political orientation in the population of a political system.

economy

It was framed on the principles of modern political economy .

This combination of politics and economics is called political economy .

Both practised political economy around the Cabinet table.

The state can powerfully affect the political economy in six general ways: F1.

The other major system of political economy prevailing in the world today is socialism.

To the Enlightenment mind, no one else possessed the unsentimental rationality and essential competitiveness to make the new political economy succeed.

Historians and others have written about the boost to economic activity from technology, religion, and the ideas of political economy .

The four examples below suggest some of the features of actual political economies relative to ideal types.

elite

The first of these was the connection between mining companies and the political elite .

What was the exact nature of the social and political elite that dominated state and society at this time?

Moscow's political elite does not share the popular enthusiasm for Putin.

First, the new communications media have greatly expanded the means of information exchange between political elites .

Under conditions of underdevelopment the political elite seeks wealth through the direction of public resources by administrative action. 8.

Well-informed, experienced political elites have made little or no progress solving any of these problems.

So long as political elites are capable of providing policy leadership, the roles and behaviour of public agency administrators are simple.

This will propel her into the political elite and could make her the most likely leftwing candidate for president in 2006.

group

All 3 political groups on the county council, supported by hundreds of parents, agreed an education budget above Government limits.

Most individuals rely on political groups to represent their interests within the political system.

Eurosceptic business and political groups said the figures proved that Britain could thrive without losing its currency.

Like all political groups , it began with people who wanted to influence politics.

The Communist Party is still the only organised political group with both money and power.

Foreign political groups may increasingly communicate via Internet discussion groups.

During and after the Gorbachev regime many political groups were formed.

Such policies place strains upon the unity of the political group involved.

implication

But what of the political implications of all these developments?

Although the question is medical, many fear that the answer has frighteningly political implications .

They point first, to the political implications inherent in centralised policy systems irrespective of the policies decided.

Both the economic and political implications of exchange rates are great.

In particular, pupils do not learn of the social and political implications of scientific discoveries.

It has social and political implications .

However, both the lack of growth and the failure to reverse the decline in work opportunities also carry serious political implications .

For these men, the preferential option for the poor had inescapable political implications .

institution

Class interests are often regarded as playing a major role in the way political institutions develop.

Many different contributory factors were suggested, from national differences in personality structure and child-rearing practices to political institutions .

In contrast, where class structures are less developed - both economically and culturally - the political institutions may be inherently weak.

Can the Third World politically challenge the statusquo or are its political institutions similarly under-developed?

Religious, educational and political institutions all play a part in the process of socialization and social control.

A variety of models were suggested for the forms which these political institutions might take.

First, to examine the impact of racial and ethnic questions on the political institutions in Birmingham.

Nevertheless, there was a particularly sharp increase in cynicism about political institutions in general between 1972 and 1974.

issue

Nor can one now easily separate moral, social, and political issues .

Age-sensitive political issues such as Social Security and Medicare will play a major role in the campaign, of course.

Fishing is a big political issue because the sturgeon population is diminishing.

Although progress has been made, poverty amidst overall plenty in our economy persists as a major economic and political issue .

However, accountability has been a less controversial political issue on Merseyside.

And in the City College take-over he saw a potent political issue .

It was part of the way of life for the gentry, and not the political issue it is today.

I am constantly astonished by the way he is able to cut through the guff even in managerial and political issues .

leader

This time about 120 people turned up, mainly business and professional people, clergy, trade-unionists and political leaders .

These might include songs, chants, or activities that express allegiance to political leaders or symbols.

Effective political leaders have to take account of both role demands.

Psychoanalytic Approaches Traditionally, our formal knowledge about top political leaders came from relatively straight forward reports of biography and journalism.

R should nevertheless not be forgotten that for most of its existence the World was despised by black political leaders .

Was he talking to political leaders who no longer or never could control the military wing?

Their political leaders , horrified by the isolation to which the electorate had consigned the country, have rallied behind the treaty.

life

It is the candid chronicle of a long and distinguished political life .

Radical reform is necessary to enable those who do want to be active in political life to do so.

Not many other people in Texas political life were beating his drum.

His correspondence shows him reacting to Gandhi with the rather detached curiosity he showed for other exotic forms of political life .

Oddly, however, the political victors did not have long political lives .

Much of our political life is founded upon assumptions grounded in our monarchist heritage.

opponent

I have always found it a great advantage to loathe my political opponents .

Three hours into his term, a group of political opponents arrived, declared the city in chaos and demanded Gonzalez resign.

Many councils are controlled by their political opponents , even in areas where Conservatives hold parliamentary seats with quite large majorities.

None of us reckoned on the combined firepower of the national spotlight, powerful political opponents and, yes, our shortcomings.

President Banda's one-party government has a ruthless record, especially when dealing with political opponents .

Lanier, a Democrat, argues that he was set up for conviction by his political opponents .

It is difficult to know what principles - if any - guide our political opponents .

This get-together was unusual for its agenda: tactics for eliminating political opponents .

order

Enhancing that contempt is the effort of feminists to emasculate the political order itself.

The political order is bound by values.

Mr Hashimoto carries his share of baggage from the old political order .

Zubatov's experiments before 1905 had already exposed the impossibility of creating workers' organizations without affecting the political order .

Perhaps the constitution is primarily a symbolic document and its details are unimportant for the actual functioning of the political order .

We shall see that the conflicts between the different roles played by the judge in the political order persist today.

Yet it has resisted or ignored almost every epoch-marking change in the social and political order .

party

When a Chancellor resigns between elections, the government political parties decide who shall be his successor.

Defying the leaders of both political parties , moderates are asking voters to approve open primary elections for California.

Political parties All political parties are banned.

Even if an individual does not have strong party identification, political parties can be an important source of political knowledge.

They also rejected Mazowiecki's attempt to transform the civic committees into a single political party loyal to him.

The new senator must come from the same political party as the old one.

After he became vice president, Rutskoi decided to form a new political party on the basis of his parliamentary fraction.

The two major political parties and their presidential candidates benefit from this money.

power

But the power to assassinate is not political power.

Moreover, the actual spending will be tilted toward groups that wield the most political power .

Our people are denied even the semblance of political power , electing careerist politicians who allegedly represent our interests.

The actual drafting of every constitution is either directly or indirectly controlled by those with political power in the society.

Primates and prelates exercised political power most effectively when they were moving in support of magnate opposition; against united barons they were impotent.

The more education, financial independence, and political power women have, the more they influence society.

They establish correlations and infer causal relations between the social status of these groups and their political power .

The context makes it certain that political power was implied.

pressure

They also possess more subtle powers of political pressure and the use of persuasion.

But they said the organized process of the advisory council w ill create political pressure for the supervisors to heed the recommendations.

Are you going to use your local agents or staff, a debt collector, a solicitor, political pressure or what?

Even civil service employees are subject to political pressures in the form of unwanted transfers, withheld promotions.

There has been no political pressure from the Foreign Office or elsewhere to prevent the exhibition.

Mr Benquis faces strong political pressure to successfully wrap up both the investigation and any subsequent legal proceedings.

Under intense political pressure the strict academic standards which first prevailed were relaxed, and entry was broadened.

You forget the political pressures and relax in the company of brilliant minds.

prisoner

Right: A demonstration in the early 1980s by families of political prisoners .

There are some 1,800 political prisoners .

It fails to include most political prisoners .

For instance, when the political prisoners staged their hunger strike during the Pope's visit, we broadcast their demands.

After two months in prison, I heard the first news about why I was being held as a political prisoner .

As many as 10,000 political prisoners were said to have been confined in one corner of the island.

It is reported that on 22 March Nijazi Beqa and five other political prisoners there went on a hungers-strike against their conditions.

It also ordered that the cases of all remaining political prisoners should be considered before its next meeting.

process

Globalization has been characterized as the overarching global political process .

Individuals become participants in the political process , but they do not give up their orientations as subjects or as parochials.

Now it is the very polarisation of the two communities that appears to be driving the political process .

We are literally starving the political process .

The opposition had seized upon the surveillance controversy as a sign of the continued involvement of the military within the political process .

These rights to additional forms of participation and opposition in the political process seem an essential element of a liberal democracy.

The political process in such an organization is made even more difficult by the fact that there is little communication.

The political process ensures that laws that unduly burden the States will not be promulgated.

purpose

It may also be noted that the Local Government Act 1986 specifically prohibits any council from spending money for party political purposes .

But as the holiday has gained popularity over the years, Munoz worries that the political purpose has been forgotten.

No payments were made for political purposes .

The balance was legitimate expenditure for primarily political purposes , Flynn has contended.

It was a question of how he believed he could best attain his major political purposes .

It was perhaps even worse when public servants were or felt constrained to file affidavits which demonstrated a political purpose .

Though these objectives were expressed in economic terms, it was clear that a political purpose lay behind them.

Yet the temptation to use the Games for political purposes remains irresistible.

reason

However, Labour's Andrew MacKinlay claimed the route was chosen by the Government for political reasons .

I made certain statements for political reasons .

However, the key factor has been domestic agricultural policies which protect indigenous agriculture for security or political reasons .

But Gore is the establishment's choice for a cogent political reason .

Second, there may be various political reasons for including these areas in a comprehensive analysis for accounting purposes.

Can you think of a political reason why the government would prevent him from participating?

I'd been so sure that there were political reasons for following us that I hadn't thought about any others.

We knew at City that just a generation earlier people had gone to our college for important reasons , for political reasons.

reform

Mr Hunt made a good effort to attract business to the state, but his political reforms floundered.

His views about political reform are hazy.

It was agreed that the situation would be reviewed in six months to check the progress of political reforms .

These would require a proper balance between market and state controls, backed by political reforms to restore confidence in central direction.

Alongside demands for political reform were specific complaints about individual miscarriages of justice.

scene

Sir Robin and Judy Laybourne will be providing news and analysis of the region's political scene .

Both Lo and the Lotus Fund are new on the political scene .

Kostunica had been on the political scene for years and had never attracted such support.

Silber is an impatient, some might say petulant, player on the local political scene .

The new power brokers on the political scene have not fared better either.

Hamas, however, sought to participate in the formal political scene .

And that basic insight leads us to why the national political scene is so totally screwed up.

science

The comparative study of institutions is not new in political science .

A friend who is skeptical about political science confronts you with a challenge.

Two famous ` laws' of political science are well known.

It was interesting, so my political science side won out as vocational planning began.

Second, measuring concepts from political science is difficult and can affect the validity of the measures.

Scott, who teaches political science at both Saint Francis and Ivy Tech, is making his first bid for elected office.

Aside from these two ` laws' of political science , the bulk of comparative research eschews making such strong claims.

The book is a fascinating combination of anthropology, history, sociology, and political science .

scientist

Various political scientists have sought to define and identify different types of political culture.

Articles by well-known political scientists discuss the central concepts and recent empirical research in many important subfields.

To public administrators and political scientists the word accountability generally relates to the separation of power and responsibility.

If the political scientist Walter Clemens is right, the legislature could assert an even bigger role.

Clark, a former political scientist widely regarded as cool and aloof, seemed transformed by power.

In comparative politics, the political scientist compares countries in an effort to verify the theories that have been formulated.

As in the study of domestic politics, political scientists use models as aids to understanding.

situation

There is considerable return migration except when the military-political situation in countries of origin makes this unfeasible.

He told us all about his life over there, and the political situations in the countries he worked in.

It was time to clarify the confused political situation in Berry.

Yet there was an opening for Rice if he carefully adapted his power strategies to the political situation .

Two political situations have detracted from the physical improvement of the prison system.

But the political situation has not brought stability.

In this most settled and prosperous nation in history the political situation is almost permanently unstable.

structure

Others, perhaps with greater foresight, wanted the strike to be continued until they had created an acceptable alternative political structure .

It is, most probably, a temporary agreement allowing both sides to regroup and develop their political structures and build support.

New management approaches and political structures swept through local government.

Left and right both tend to accept the existing political structure and differ only on the substance of policy and political personnel.

The first section treats the colonial administrative and political structures .

Everythingagain, technology, the global economy, and global political structures-is changing, most of it quickly.

The Reich's attempts at industrialisation had been contradicted by the effort to retain a semi-feudal social and political structure .

You might attempt to classify countries based on similarities in the way these political structures relate to each other.

system

Any increase in participation would destabilise the political system .

It is Representatives, but the districts in many political systems have more than one representative.

Locke also suggests that a man's presence in a particular state implies tacit consent to its political system .

The state or political system is regarded as a neutral adjudicator in the competition for resources.

We also suggest that the kind of mix that results has great significance for the stability and performance of the political system .

Each of these interventions of the Celts proved their importance by producing major developments in the political systems which they attacked.

Constitutional monarchies are obvious examples of political systems with a dual executive.

theory

A theory of basic rights is at bottom a political theory, a theory about the nature and limits of state action.

The active influential citizen described ill normative political theory is not excused from the obligations of the subject.

One of the most explicit political theories of that period is that of Gluckman.

This tradition itself can be traced back a long way in political theory .

No one had told me there was a thing called political theory .

But Marxism and socialism are not the only nineteenth-century political theories which have been presented in a new way during recent decades.

The work of Dewey Within political theory the work of John Dewey has been particularly influential.

This possibility ran counter to much nineteenth-century political theory , which stressed that the State was the only guarantor of personal safety.

will

The political will to deal with the issue is reduced, affecting the resources available.

But is there the necessary political will to regulate the markets?

The revalued currency was a remarkable demonstration of political will , and effectively generated user-confidence.

Orwell, concerned only to demonstrate that political will destroys the individual, offers no verdict on such refinements.

Education became part of an act of political will .

The problem in meeting this need is not lack of resources, technologies or knowledge, but of political will and organisation.

They haven't shown the political will to sort out the problem - there has been an element of divide and rule.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a political/social etc animal

I was never a political animal .

One advantage in being a social animal is that one need not discover practices for oneself.

To Freud man is a social animal without being entirely a socialized animal.

Unlike Wellington, Harriett was a political animal through and through, whose ambition was that her men should succeed.

political/economic suicide

Hence Mr Yeltsin's dilemma: to persuade the deputies to commit political suicide without acting unconstitutionally.

It built the Central Valley Project to rescue the growers from economic suicide by groundwater overdraft.

Sensing his authority had ebbed, Fujimori grimly took the only exit left: political suicide , a move that stunned everyone.

The government believes it would be political suicide to allow pension contributions to rise above 30 percent.

To have taken on the world in that state would have been political suicide .

social/legal/political etc framework

But he accepted the social framework of his day and the status and role of women within it.

He tries to provide for reform within a political framework and he introduces consensus, as a social control variable.

In the twelfth century the canon lawyers devised an elaborate, and comparatively humane, legal framework for poor relief.

It summarises geological knowledge of metalliferous mineralisation, reviews current and past exploration, and describes its administrative and legal framework .

No legal framework prevails to enable disabled people to counteract discrimination, unfair employment practices, problems of access, etc.

Some relate to the present legal framework .

The simplified and more rational legal framework that it introduced is unified by some powerful principles that speak to those issues.

What is the point of a legal framework if companies can not get a court injunction to stop illegal strike action?

the political/international/public etc arena

Another possible problem could emerge from the political arena .

He would therefore argue that conventions are established by their acceptance by those who participate in the political arena .

Moreover, the law is only one method of control over what is placed in the public arena .

Similarly in the international arena , an emasculated politics is incapable of sustaining an effective national defense.

Television's response to the struggle around Clause 28 reflected the status the campaign achieved in the political arena .

The assessment of basic expenditure needs should urgently be removed from the political arena .

They do have a place in the political arena .

the political/social landscape

A minority government would represent a change in the political landscape .

His words transformed the political landscape .

In the name of democracy, they are transforming the political landscape to make democracy marginal.

In the public sphere, women must assume sufficient power to change the cultural imagery and the political landscape .

Large-scale, bureaucratic organizations are the dominant features of the political landscape .

Such commentators have argued that the breakdown of morality in the 1960s has had lasting effects on the social landscape .

This gap is one of the most prominent features on the political landscape at the dawn of 1996.

Women, who had up to 1945 been barred from participating in elections, changed the political landscape by becoming voters.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

political activists

political jokes and satire

Harris has his own political agenda in the company.

He asked me to explain the British political system.

McEnroe loves the atmosphere at Westminster - he's a real political animal.

Mike's never been a political person.

Nixon had many political enemies.

She began her political career as a city councillor.

The people are demanding political change.

The U.N. is seeking a political solution rather than a military one.

The U.S. has two main political parties.

There are two main political parties in the US.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

But the political solutions which he advocated in the 1930s were not so.

But those proposed amendments are merely the ones that generate the most political heat.

Critics say the process was subjective and open to political manipulation.

Description of social conditions was a preliminary to political reform.

More recently there has been a steep decline in the support for political union.

The proposal for the Assembly came originally from Chaianan Samudavanij, a well known political scientist.

Walesa had secured the backing of virtually all of the country's political and social organizations, including the Catholic Church.

You don't have to be madly blunt in a political sense.

Longman DOCE5 Extras English vocabulary.      Дополнительный английский словарь Longman DOCE5.