I. noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
economic sanctions (= laws that stop trade with another country, as a way of forcing its leaders to make political changes )
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The UN threatened economic sanctions against the regime.
enforce sanctions
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The EU has threatened to enforce sanctions by blockading the port.
lift a restriction/an embargo/sanctions etc
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The government plans to lift its ban on cigar imports.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
criminal
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To these criminal sanctions against directors, section 242A adds civil penalties, against the company.
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The third bill treats unsolicited e-mail like unsolicited faxes and subjects the sender to potential criminal sanction .
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If these provisions are not adhered to, ensuing contracts may be unenforceable and criminal sanctions may follow.
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Male homosexual relations are still much more heavily restricted by criminal sanction .
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The threat of criminal sanction hangs over those who refute the constable's perception of events.
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To maintain criminal sanctions for a plant that is arguably safer than alcohol puts children at risk.
economic
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But what enables a state to resist the effects of economic sanctions ?
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Finally, the courts have ruled that school boards can impose economic sanctions on teachers who go on strike.
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Unfortunately, never in contemporary history have economic sanctions felled a regime, no matter how weak.
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They were criticised for a cavalier approach to company expenses and for contravening the government's economic sanctions against Rhodesia.
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The move towards economic sanctions is necessary, unfortunately, but sanctions will take a very long time to work.
effective
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There is then no effective sanction against illegal tapping.
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The degree of mobility in modern economies generally precludes local communities from exerting effective sanctions on anything.
formal
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Like informal sanctions , formal sanctions may be positive or negative.
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These range from, market forces eg. the desire to maintain an unblemished reputation, to formal sanctions eg prosecution at law.
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Control of the beat officer through formal organizational sanctions had both negative and positive attributes.
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Government control depends on bargaining, rather than on formal sanctions that are generally ineffective.
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And yet those same acts today escape formal sanction .
international
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However, they called for the maintenance of international sanctions until a new political dispensation was in place.
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Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions .
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Detecting a weakening of international resolve on sanctions , Mandela responded angrily to the Western countries' positions.
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Vlok said that the money had come from a fund established to combat international sanctions .
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The real parallels, however, lie in the political reactions to international sanctions in both cases.
legal
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He repudiated his first wife and married a recognised Judaic princess, thereby seeking at least a form of legal sanction .
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The most frequent legal sanction imposed against corporations and their executives are fines.
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A third point of distinction concerns the nature of legal and market sanctions .
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Rights without the backbone of legal sanction , Bentham contends, is just talk.
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But this is not the imposition of a direct legal sanction .
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What is of relatively recent origin, however, is the creation of bureaucracies equipped with legal sanctions to regulate economic life.
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It was this case that first showed the considerable legal sanctions available against unions under the new legislation.
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Obviously, because the possession of heroin is illegal, users must maintain a low profile for fear of legal sanctions .
official
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Certain norms are formalized by translation into laws which are enforced by official sanctions .
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Even in San Francisco, perhaps the most AIDS-acclimatised city in the world, needle-exchange programmes lack official sanction .
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Both should receive official sanction and both require in-service training opportunities to acquire the necessary skills.
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This in effect recognized and gave official sanction to the thriving black market.
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Accordingly, Manville took out his code manual and began preparing an official sanction for despatch to Brussels.
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You've cleared official sanction for Operation Cuckoo to go ahead.
punitive
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It represents a number of auxiliary practices which make punitive sanctions more effective.
social
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There may be a variety of social sanctions which lead to a high level of participation.
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Basically, it consists of: Traditional caste systems in which roles are assigned at birth and enforced by social sanctions .
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Judgements of worth and social sanctions are individuated and tailored to past commitments.
tough
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Dealing: The report urges much tougher sanctions on the suppliers of all illegal drugs.
ultimate
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Examples of the use of this ultimate sanction are few.
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The ultimate sanction may be for them to sack the person whom they regard as being mainly to blame.
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Only if its many controls fail will the ultimate sanction , i.e. revocation of the disposal licence, be invoked.
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War as the ultimate sanction was not a credible solution.
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The ultimate sanction is financial: an additional award of compensation.
■ NOUN
regime
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But the court held unanimously that the state's restrictions were overridden when Congress passed its own sanctions regime later that year.
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At the same time, international interests would like to ease the sanctions regime , particularly the trade embargo.
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According to U.S. and Western officials, Washington has quietly begun to review its screening of imports under the sanctions regime .
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Precisely because of the intense coercion caused by the sanctions regime and Western attitudes, all now stand behind the regime.
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Such a veto would be difficult to defend internationally and could well lead to an uncontrollable erosion of the sanctions regime .
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Meanwhile the flouting of the sanctions regime proceeds apace.
trade
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A more ambitious bill that would have ended virtually all trade sanctions was voted down earlier in the same house debate.
■ VERB
apply
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In the scenario, the United Nation applies sanctions to Korona and demands that it leave Kartuna by a certain deadline.
ease
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At the same time, international interests would like to ease the sanctions regime, particularly the trade embargo.
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The latest resolution proposes to ease sanctions after weapons inspections are resumed for an initial 120 days.
end
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A more ambitious bill that would have ended virtually all trade sanctions was voted down earlier in the same house debate.
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But nor is there a consensus on ending sanctions , thereby admitting that the policy of 10 years has failed.
enforce
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Certain norms are formalized by translation into laws which are enforced by official sanctions .
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Basically, it consists of: Traditional caste systems in which roles are assigned at birth and enforced by social sanctions .
face
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Mercifully, Balestre subsequently retracted the ban on Goodyear, but emphasized that Cosworth and Ilmor would face serious sanctions .
impose
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A government or religion prescribes and imposes sanctions selected by their effectiveness in controlling citizen or communicant.
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Finally, the courts have ruled that school boards can impose economic sanctions on teachers who go on strike.
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The United States has not ruled out imposing sanctions .
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Even so, President Clinton had no choice but impose additional sanctions in response to the shoot-downs.
lift
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Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.
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In addition to abolishing the speed limit, the bill lifted federal sanctions against states without motorcycle helmet laws.
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Reagan lifted the pipeline sanctions and Britoil went up for sale and Lech Walesa was freed.
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Dissidents in Havana believe his regime would not long outlast the lifting of sanctions .
oppose
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Nor do I believe in deliberately making people poor: that is why I oppose sanctions .
propose
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The latest resolution proposes to ease sanctions after weapons inspections are resumed for an initial 120 days.
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The House is scheduled to vote Jan. 21 on proposed sanctions against Gingrich.
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The panel has wide latitude in proposing a sanction .
recommend
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Lawmakers and independent experts have expressed differing views on whether Gingrich can tap his well-stocked campaign fund to pay the recommended sanction .
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McGehee advocates the creation of an independent Office of Ethics Counsel to interpret the rules, investigate complaints and recommend sanctions .
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It said the housing authority had wasted money and approved contracts improperly, and recommended serious sanctions from the U.S.
support
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He said he would support harsher sanctions now being considered by Congress.
vote
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Late last year, the panel and House leaders agreed the House would vote on the sanction by Jan. 21.
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Under a schedule worked out earlier this week, the House would vote on the sanction no later than Jan. 21.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
clamp sanctions/restrictions etc on sb
crime-buster/budget-buster/sanctions-buster etc
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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He acted without religious or government sanction .
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Britain said it was ready to lift the sanctions at once.
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Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.
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Like informal sanctions, formal sanctions may be positive or negative.
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Mijic said his paper is facing an inner wall of sanctions, however.
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Polanyi would propose a world environment organisation with the right to impose sanctions on countries that refuse to cut emissions.
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Such sanctions are likely to make the child angry.
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This confidence was given a democratic sanction in the referendum of 28 September 1958.
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When I was there they were desperate for one and anxious that the sanctions should be lifted.
II. verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
officially
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Blacks knew that every peaceful march and favorable court decision was being answered with acts of officially sanctioned violence.
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Beyond the category of leaks described above exists a second category: the officially sanctioned leak calculated to produce a specific effect.
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The live ammunition that I experienced was not officially sanctioned as being hazardous enough to be included.
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At best, this organization achieves a grudging, superficial conformity to officially sanctioned patterns of thought and action.
■ NOUN
scheme
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Any pertinent changes must be notified in good time if the court is to sanction the scheme .
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The court will not sanction the scheme if the requisite statutory procedures have not been complied with.
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The court will only sanction the scheme if it is reasonable.
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If the petition is successful a court order is drawn up sanctioning the scheme and confirming the reduction of capital.
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If this is not done, the court may exercise its discretion not to sanction the scheme .
■ VERB
refuse
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As a result the government may find itself forced into refusing to sanction new expenditure.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
crime-buster/budget-buster/sanctions-buster etc
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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Gambling will be not be sanctioned in any form.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Allowing them to make such a decision does not sanction it - far from it.
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Nevertheless, extreme vigilance and monitoring are still needed each time a new product is sanctioned for release into the environment.
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Rabin told the Knesset that while he had sanctioned the use of force, he had never given illegal orders.
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Sefton council will consider whether to sanction the operation.
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There can be no art movement of the last 200 years that he has failed to sanction .
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They gave away small parcels, and even sanctioned the right to buy and sell property in the 1993 constitution.
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This judicial readiness to sanction rescue was revised in post-war years in the light of Bowlby's work on maternal deprivation.
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When used to sanction official disapproval of the Third Reich, this approach is unlikely to be controversial.