noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a consumer/spending boom (= a sudden increase in the amount people spend )
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Various factors caused the consumer boom.
a spending pattern
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The bank’s computer can detect unusual spending patterns.
a spending pledge BrE:
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I asked him to clarify Labour’s spending pledges.
a spending programme
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The government’s spending programme is the subject of vigorous debate.
a spending review
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Extra money was promised in last summer’s spending review.
buying/spending habits (= the kinds of things you buy regularly )
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The recession will mean that many people will be changing their spending habits.
compulsive gambling/overeating/spending etc
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Compulsive overspending in these days of credit cards has become more common.
consumer spending ( also consumer expenditure formal )
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Higher taxes will reduce consumer spending.
cut spending/borrowing
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In the 1990s, governments worldwide cut military spending.
defence spending/expenditure
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There were plans to cut defence spending by one billion pounds.
government spending
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Government spending on health care totals about $60 billion a year.
pocket money/spending money British English (= a small amount of money that parents regularly give their children )
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How much pocket money do you get?
public spending
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the Government’s public spending plans
spending cuts
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His proposals could involve spending cuts of up to £12 billion.
spending limits
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There are strict spending limits imposed by law on all candidates.
spending money (= an amount of money that you can spend on anything you want )
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We had £500 spending money saved for our holiday.
spending money
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
additional
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The committee suggests that its recommendations could be accomplished without additional spending - a novelty in science's advice to government.
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Attention is given to minor adjustments in the spending pattern or the justification of additional spending.
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The only exception was in war periods when it became customary to meet part of the additional spending through borrowing.
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Rising wages were important for markets primarily because workers' additional spending accounted for the bulk of the growth in consumption expenditure.
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However, the original stock of bankers' balances has financed an additional round of spending .
capital
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However, as we have seen, central government has always had power to control capital spending and still does.
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Mr Evans said that capital spending had been cut back from original plans to offset the squeeze on profitability.
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Profits have fallen for three consecutive quarters and capital spending has fallen in response.
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The Manual was essentially concerned with prescribing the classification of revenue spending and capital spending, implicitly on the cash basis.
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Labour's record on capital spending was lamentable.
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Mr. Hinchliffe How much of that capital spending was funded from the closure and sale of established hospitals during those periods?
current
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By 1979, local-government current spending and manpower was at its highest level.
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It is over current spending that the debate centres.
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They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.
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National Insurance is both a tax to finance current social-security spending and an entitlement to future benefit.
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Over time the original emphasis of the programme has broadened from increasing liberalization and competition to raising money for current spending .
extra
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It is this extra spending which, given full employment and consequent constant number of transactions, pushes up the price level.
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Thus many electors can vote for extra spending knowing the cost will fall elsewhere.
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After full employment is reached, extra spending will only serve to add to the rate of inflation.
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How do the Opposition think they are going to finance £35 billion of extra spending without raising taxes on ordinary people?
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In order to seek to maintain profits, government must create extra demand, spending goes up and taxes follow.
federal
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It is striking that federal spending on research and development into energy was halved in the 1980s.
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The geography of Federal spending is the result of two distinct decision-making processes.
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Drastic changes of policy would have been very difficult, as attempts to cut Federal spending and to balance the budget revealed.
great
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He wants to see even greater spending on publicity, help and advice.
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Advocates of greater welfare spending invoke the social state obligation imposed by the Constitution.
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The existing stock of money, being less in demand, will be able to support a greater flow of spending .
high
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Practically all the higher share of spending is accounted for by increases in the relative cost of providing them.
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The country will draw its own conclusion that under a Labour Administration there are great inefficiencies, high spending and high taxation.
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Tracing his political lineage to the New Deal and Great Society, he stood for higher spending on domestic programmes.
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Some of the present government's high technology spending is being inflated by including money already earmarked by the previous government.
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The highest spending is amongst families with more members in paid employment, and lowest amongst pensioner families.
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This did not reflect higher state spending .
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The aim is to build Labour's credibility by creating an economy which will sustain higher spending on its social programme.
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This spiralling is further fuelled by the rising expectations among the working class for higher levels of spending .
increased
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The committee called for greater emphasis on language at all educational levels, with increased spending on staffing, accommodation and other resources.
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Loan demand was noticeably weak, with companies benefiting from increased Government spending and increased use of the capital market.
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Ironically, the legislation introduced to reform campaign funding helped to facilitate increased spending in politics.
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Its report said a good national appraisal system needed the equivalent of another 1,800 teachers and increased spending of £35m a year.
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Yet increased defence spending could only injure Britain's economic recovery.
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So increased state spending did increase demand.
local
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But whatever the explanation, there can be little doubt that local spending became a target for central control.
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Labour must also undertake to curb spiralling local government spending .
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He analysed local government spending and labour-force figures in the post-war period leading up to the late 1970s.
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I repeat that we will maintain firm vigilance over local authority spending .
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The 1983 government considered that the penalties incurred under the block-grant system had not done enough to curb local spending .
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As a result, a small increase in local spending will translate into a big rise in council tax.
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We describe in detail in the next chapter the consequent growing controls on local spending .
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Although this included controlling overall levels of local government spending , the role of local government was not in question.
military
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The sum delimited for military spending , 108,000 million roubles, equalled that set aside for social security.
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The time has come for Britain to cut its military spending and begin to use its limited resources for our real needs.
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Blackwell and Deane received a basic salary plus poundage according to the level of military spending .
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Total military spending in 1989 amounted to US$950,000 million - a drop of 2 percent from the previous year.
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While military spending was constrained by the renunciation of belligerency, this does not mean that defence expenditure is insignificant.
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The world could pay for all this by redirecting 10 days military spending , but this is an unlikely prospect.
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There has been a comparable fall in support for increasing military defence spending and compulsory military service.
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I have shown that with the help of the United Nations, military spending should not be necessary.
overall
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It was hoped that this would reduce independent expenditure and thus overall spending .
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The council's overall spending can rise by 5.4 percent. in April before Northumberland risks charge capping.
public
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Because that will take time, there can be no quick fix for public spending .
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Since costs tend to rise inexorably, attempts to stabilize public spending have essentially meant cuts in actual services.
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The profits from capitalism are redistributed to millions of people, not through taxing and public spending but through collective investment trusts.
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As the social services account for a substantial part of public spending , cuts affected a wide range of services.
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But if this was to be achieved then public spending - as a proportion of national wealth - had to come down.
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Whitehall appeared earlier to pave the way for the change by softening its line on public spending .
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Other economic interests wish to restrain public spending .
real
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Hence an increase of 7 percent would have been required to maintain the real level of spending .
social
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How much social spending should there be to soften the transition?
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This represents 18% of total social security spending .
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A final trend has been the attempt to contain the growth in welfare and social security spending .
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In comparative terms, Britain does not have particularly high levels of social spending .
total
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The important point to grasp is that this magnitude will be nowhere near so large as the level of total spending .
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He measures each country's aggregate demand at any time by its total nominal spending .
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In 1991 total spending in real terms was about 18 percent higher than in 1979.
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Cash income, which is total receipts minus total trading spending , is a better indication, said Sir Hector.
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Some expenditure would have occurred irrespective of designation, but almost three-quarters of total spending occurred as a result of enterprise-zone declarations.
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The last row of Table 16-1 shows the turnaround in total spending since 1984.
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Local authority spending perse is not included but grants to local authorities and their total capital spending are.
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This brought the total number of projects to 470 and total spending to ECU8,200 million.
■ NOUN
authority
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I repeat that we will maintain firm vigilance over local authority spending .
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Central government is pruning local authority spending , and the cuts are being felt.
consumer
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Analysts said that as long as credit business remained negative it was unlikely consumer spending would revive significantly.
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However, retail sales account for only 40 percent of consumer spending .
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This year we expect consumers to spend some £80 billion on leisure - almost one quarter of consumer spending .
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For retailers it was the worst year on record and consumer spending is at its lowest since World War Two.
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Cuts in salaries, bonuses and overtime payments have reduced many family-incomes and caused a sharp drop in consumer spending .
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Worries over consumer spending if interest rates rise sent Kingfisher down 21p to 459p and Dixons 27p to 190p.
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The uncertain outlook for consumer spending has encouraged City analysts to trim their profit forecasts from around £11m to nearer £10m.
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The trade gap looks appalling and it may take some time before we see a significant drop in consumer spending .
cut
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In a climate of radical spending cuts , the latter seems highly unlikely.
defence
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This included 7,777,400 million won for defence spending , an increase of 12.9 percent over the previous year.
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United States defence spending has been a key driving force behind much of the electronics, telecommunications and computer industries.
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The obvious candidate is defence spending .
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The government on June 13 revealed the exact levels of defence spending , which had hitherto been secret.
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The government was committed to further major reductions in defence spending .
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Look again at Fig. 8.1 on defence spending .
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Fuelled by defence spending , this is the electronics boom area.
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Righting the economy demanded major cuts in Defence spending and the release of skilled manpower from the Services to export-orientated industries.
state
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Large cuts in state spending and big increases in charges for fuels and utilities resulted.
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Such critics want bolder measures to cut taxation and state spending .
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And don't forget that plan of Portillo's to slash state spending .
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He has cut tariffs, promoted privatisation, scrapped subsidies and reduced state spending .
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This did not reflect higher state spending .
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In any case, this was not, by and large, the way state spending was financed in the boom.
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The overwhelming bulk of state spending , then, was financed by taxation.
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So increases in state spending were largely offset by corresponding reductions by taxpayers.
welfare
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Advocates of greater welfare spending invoke the social state obligation imposed by the Constitution.
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This included a 40 percent increase in welfare spending , including housing and the provision of domestic water supplies.
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Health, education, transport and other welfare spending goes by the board.
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Finally welfare spending , particularly on education and health, improved the quality and productivity of labour.
■ VERB
control
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Since local authorities account for a quarter of all public expenditure, central government must control their spending .
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As a counterpoint, Sun has been controlling headcount and spending , shaving 2% to 2.5% off G&A;
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The man in charge of controlling public spending is the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.
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However, as we have seen, central government has always had power to control capital spending and still does.
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Traditional monetarist theory is also dismissive of the need to control local spending .
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Thus arguments for controlling local authorities' spending would appear to weigh even less powerfully within monetarist theory than in Keynesian arguments.
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Primary care was an obvious source of concern to a government anxious to control government spending .
finance
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We need only hold enough to finance our spending between receipts of income, or pay-days'.
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National Insurance is both a tax to finance current social-security spending and an entitlement to future benefit.
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About the middle of March came the Budget with proposals to raise the taxes needed to finance this spending .
increase
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It now has planning permission for 7,000 plots and aims to increase annual spending on land to as much as £75 million.
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If credit rationing has been in force, then a relaxation of controls will increase borrowing and spending .
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This leads people to increase their spending directly on goods and services so that the general price level is pulled upwards.
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Since 1979 we have increased capital spending on average by 4.3 percent. per year.
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There has been a comparable fall in support for increasing military defence spending and compulsory military service.
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The proposals would increase agricultural spending by 10 percent in real terms by 1997 when compared with expected 1992 expenditure.
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If authorities are failing to increase their spending on discretionary awards commensurately, that is their decision.
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So increases in state spending were largely offset by corresponding reductions by taxpayers.
raise
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By contrast, the Conservatives have been able to raise public spending by nearly a quarter in real terms.
reduce
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The protest was held in opposition to government plans to dismiss 25,000 state employees in order to reduce fiscal spending by 42 percent.
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One reason for trying to reduce government spending is to make room for tax cuts.
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They cut capital expenditure before reducing current spending on staff. 4.
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Following a large budget deficit in 1990 the Minister of Finance and Commerce announced plans to reduce public spending .
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Rather than reduce its spending it maintains it, but postpones cash payments.
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Central government now sought to reduce local spending as part of its general public expenditure strategy.
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Various governments have come to office in the postwar years, some committed to reducing public spending , others to raising it.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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But whatever the explanation, there can be little doubt that local spending became a target for central control.
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By 1979, local-government current spending and manpower was at its highest level.
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Government must decide at the same time how much to spend and how to pay for spending .
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Home shopping as a whole accounts for only 3% of retail spending .
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Such critics want bolder measures to cut taxation and state spending .
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The committee called for greater emphasis on language at all educational levels, with increased spending on staffing, accommodation and other resources.
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The largest allocation went on defence, at 21.3 percent of recurrent spending .