SUBJECT


Meaning of SUBJECT in English

I. noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a controversial issue/topic/subject

I tried to avoid controversial topics such as politics and religion.

a king’s subjects (= the people he rules )

The new laws were very unpopular with the king’s subjects.

a matter/subject of controversy

The right age to vote is a matter of controversy.

a verb agrees with the subject

In Arabic, all verbs agree with their subjects in gender and number.

an academic subject

Children who are not good at academic subjects may excel in music or sport.

be an object/a subject of curiosity (= be something or someone that makes people curious )

Anyone new was always the object of our curiosity.

be subject to a condition (= depend on a particular thing that must be done )

Permission to build on the land will be subject to certain conditions.

be subject to approval (= be dependent upon someone’s approval before happening )

The merger is subject to approval by shareholders.

be subject to constraints (= be limited by them )

Teachers are subject to the constraints of the examination system.

be subject to negotiation (= be something that must be discussed )

The pay is subject to negotiation.

be subject to review formal (= may be reviewed or changed )

These prices are subject to review.

be subject to scrutiny (= be able to be examined )

All the accounts are subject to scrutiny by auditors.

be subjected to scrutiny (= be examined )

Each proposal was subjected to careful scrutiny.

be the subject of criticism/be subjected to criticism (= be criticized by people )

The club has been the subject of criticism since last October.

be the subject of criticism/be subjected to criticism (= be criticized by people )

The club has been the subject of criticism since last October.

be the subject of debate (= be something that people discuss )

Teaching methods have long been the subject of debate.

be the subject of gossip (= be talked about )

His close friendship with Carol was the subject of gossip.

be the subject of legend ( also be the stuff of legend ) (= have stories told about them )

The island has long been the subject of legend.

be the subject of scrutiny (= be examined )

The way in which the courts handle such claims has been the subject of close scrutiny.

be the subject of speculation (= be thought and guessed about )

His role in the affair has been the subject of speculation in the press.

contentious issue/area/subject etc

Animal welfare did not become a contentious issue until the late 1970s.

discuss the question/subject

We’d never discussed the question of having children.

drop a subject (= stop studying it at school or university )

Students may choose to drop a subject in their second year.

emotive issue/subject/word etc

Child abuse is an emotive subject.

know your job/subject/stuff (= be good at and know all you should about a job or subject )

subject matter

The movie has been rated ‘R’ due to adult subject matter.

subject sb to an ordeal (= make someone suffer something very painful or frightening )

Simon Collier was subjected to a horrifying ordeal at gunpoint.

taboo subject

Rape is a taboo subject .

the subject of a verb (= a noun, pronoun etc that performs the action of the verb or about which something is stated )

In the sentence 'I like pizza.', "I" is the subject of the verb.

topical subject/issue/theme etc

a new TV comedy dealing with topical issues

warm to a theme/subject/topic etc

The more she spoke, the more she warmed to her subject.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

different

Tony himself suggested attending at different times each week in order to familiarize himself with different subject areas of the curriculum.

Now, she had seven different subjects every day with different teachers, but there was very little interaction.

Values in patients taking NSAIDs who were colonised were not different from control subjects .

Further comments on attaching priorities to different subjects and to different levels of material are to be found in Chapter 3.

The resultant article adopted a slightly different base subject , that of Morrissey's neurosis.

A means of measuring the differing costs inherent in different subjects , such as classroom-based and workshop-based subjects. 4.

On close investigation, we often find a surprising number of elements in different subject courses that interrelate.

Education thrives through enjoyment of the different subjects .

normal

The normal subject displayed only short bursts of reflux with a maximum duration of four minutes.

About 80 percent of normal subjects make this error.

In this study, we found platelet activating factor in four of 13 normal subjects .

This meal was designed to include many reflux provoking foods to maximise postprandial reflux in normal subjects .

Giant rectal contractions were never seen in normal subjects .

Recent studies with ambulatory pressure monitoring systems indicate that an appreciable number of non-peristaltic contractions are commonly found in apparently normal subjects .

In normal subjects in the fasted state segmenting pressure activity is low and little transit of marker is seen.

Is this not proof that the pain felt by normal subjects mirrors the nature, intensity and location of tissue damage?

particular

Their degree is evidence of their academic ability in a particular subject area.

Nor is the right to study any particular subject or any foreign language.

I would like to be well versed on a particular subject at work and sought out for my advice 19.

To examine the reasons for studying a particular subject . 2.

Three other psychologists gave me their thoughts on particular subjects , which in every case helped to form my own.

My own particular academic subject is geography.

One is able to influence others because one is perceived to know more about a particular subject than anyone else.

■ NOUN

area

These superfields are in turn subdivided into smaller subject areas , which are referred to as subdomains.

I would suggest that ten or twenty questions would be satisfactory to cover the subject area framed by the major research question.

A choice of optional units is also available from other relevant subject areas .

I was a quick study, learning my way around new subject areas fast.

Their degree is evidence of their academic ability in a particular subject area .

The subject area in which affirmative sociology gets its greatest challenge may be that of social class.

It represents, according to my knowledge, the most up-to-date and comprehensive book in this rapidly growing subject area .

The Gopher program lists different host computers and the subject areas of information they contain.

control

The control subjects did not receive either placebo or loperamide oxide tablets but underwent an identical series of measurements on one occasion.

The relatively small difference in median age between the patients and the control subjects is unlikely to be important.

The difference between mean rates of secretion of acid and pepsin in control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer is about 190%.

It is possible that the younger control subjects with a high LI% may develop an adenomatous polyp as an ageing phenomenon.

The mean total cholesterol concentration among women with polyps was significantly higher than that of control subjects .

Biopsy specimens from control subjects and patients with ulcerative colitis were studied.

Fundic argyrophil cell densities in patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome were compared with previously published values in 10 healthy control subjects .

The control subjects had received neither aspirin nor NSAIDs in the three months before study.

core

The last two subjects are what they call core subjects which you have to take.

The six core subjects are: Constitutional and Administrative Law.

matter

The novelty of new subject matter and of the distinctive methods of foreign-language presentation awakens the student's curiosity or exploratory drive.

A second criticism is the assertion that it is impossible to develop a science of politics because of the subject matter .

He is all too aware of his own behavior as part of his subject matter .

They are seeing that all the subject matters work together.

My other problem, Holmes, is that the subject matter can really be a little dry.

They are distinguished not only by their formal skill and wide-ranging subject matters , but by their hairless, unshowy prose.

Here we see that same attention to detail, physical presence and construction focused on much more accessible subject matter .

school

Much lower down were the traditional school subjects of reading, writing and computation.

It is regarded as an area of concern, rather than a school subject .

Since archaeology is scarcely ever available as a school subject , the teaching at university begins from basics.

Lesson poems Thinking about the poems Write about your thoughts and feelings about a school subject .

I probably know more about the conventional school subjects than most people of my age.

By now, John had developed several artistic interests which competed with school subjects for his time and attention.

There appears to be no syllabus, no timetable, no formal division of work into school subjects , no specific playtimes.

Since that date certain material implications have followed for those subgroups and school subjects promoting or representing the academic tradition.

■ VERB

broach

But what was still troubling her was the fact that she had still not broached the subject of Janice.

Popular magazines now broach the subject of mental illness, while the government is encouraging research into mental health.

It was half a year, he thought, since she had last broached the subject of his bachelor status.

I never broached the subject with him again.

It was nine o'clock and they had been driven in by the mosquitoes before he broached the subject of the night before.

Now, popular magazines regularly broach the subject .

It had been Adam, too, who had broached the subject of a new computer programming system for the business.

When, two months later, Father van Exem broached the subject , the Archbishop was actually quite upset about the idea.

change

I'd only mentioned sheep in a half-hearted attempt to change the subject of conversation.

They changed the subject by noting their prosecution of some highly publicized cases against the Klan and other white supremacist organizations.

He should have finished at university long ago, but he kept taking extra courses, changing subjects and things.

He would smile, and change the subject .

Like Mondale, he had to take a risk to change the subject and refocus attention.

But Derek had thought of another anecdote, changing the subject at once.

She got sort of white-faced, then pulled herself together and changed the subject .

raise

Jean-Claude raised the subject of a piano again.

He seemed loath to raise the subject and I did not see why I should do so.

Voice over Parents think the cards are a good way to raise the subject of safety.

Should staff raise the subject with all patients?

He raises a subject that he has discussed with me.

She did not raise the subject again.

He often raises that subject , and we understand his desperation about what will happen to his seat at the next election.

He had not raised the subject .

study

There were also sharp drops in the numbers wanting to study engineering subjects and pharmacy.

Nor is the right to study any particular subject or any foreign language.

University offers a unique opportunity to study subjects not offered at school as well as those of which applicants may have some experience.

Their list looks remarkably like those of researchers who have studied this subject .

But it too uses passive tests most frequently when it is studying female subjects .

U., studying some arcane subject that turned out to be completely irrelevant.

The student is therefore likely to study four different subjects in these two years, in up to four departments.

I asked some human beings, people who had studied the subject for years, and they did not know.

teach

The amendment required that all teachers be certified to teach the subjects to which they were assigned.

And as you teach all subjects in the Junior School, you will be able to let Art enliven all your work.

It is often said that good teachers do not teach subject matter, they teach who they are.

Social sciences are poised for a revival in schools but will there be enough qualified staff to teach the subjects ?

This plot construction is unnecessary; why not just teach the subject at hand?

Choice One of the crucial decisions, now, is whether to teach a subject discretely, or to integrate.

It would use new methods to teach traditional academic subjects and equip young people with technical skills.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

broach the subject/question/matter etc

But what was still troubling her was the fact that she had still not broached the subject of Janice.

He broached the matter carefully while Marshall put a match to some logs in the grate.

I never broached the subject with him again.

It was half a year, he thought, since she had last broached the subject of his bachelor status.

It was nine o'clock and they had been driven in by the mosquitoes before he broached the subject of the night before.

Now, popular magazines regularly broach the subject.

Popular magazines now broach the subject of mental illness, while the government is encouraging research into mental health.

When, two months later, Father van Exem broached the subject, the Archbishop was actually quite upset about the idea.

core curriculum/subjects/skills etc

And it was certainly an improvement on my thoughts about the core curriculum.

Every student must pass through an extensive core curriculum, including courses such as World Humanities 101.

In designing the programme, we have tried to emphasise the vocational aspects of the core skills modules wherever possible.

In schools that expect all students to take a core curriculum, students achieve more.

In the school system, aspects of core skills were present in the Munn curriculum, introduced in the late 1970s.

Once in the classroom the teacher is restricted by the core curriculum and general workload and lack of equipment.

This could be construed as a tailor-made curriculum, which can not be developed into a generic or core curriculum.

exhaust a subject/topic etc

keep to the point/subject etc

Come straight to the point and keep to the point are the golden rules of letter writing.

De Quincey was no master of keeping to the point.

Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to the point and talk for too long.

pet project/theory/subject

Both grants represented pet projects of two council subcommittee members.

Different chemists prefer different pet theories, and there is no shortage of theories.

Even as the trajectory of his thought kept rising in the early seventies, the clock was ticking on his pet project.

Even those Hippocratic treatises which inveigh against Presocratic dogmatism are themselves just as dogmatic where their own pet theories are concerned.

His pet project is a biotechnology institute in which state funding will be matched by contributions from the Schering drug company.

Monitoring the telephone conversations of the Kremlin hierarchy had become one of his pet projects over the last few years.

No organization likes being told that it has got to hold back its expansion or abandon some pet project.

The proposals are seen as a pet project of the right wing of the Conservative Party and Conservative students' groups.

sore point/spot/subject (with sb)

And now she had pierced her again in this sore spot.

Finally, there are plans to provide custodians a sore point to enable the churches to open for two hours a day.

Graduate entry with resultant opportunities for promotion was then - as now - an especially sore point.

It is still a sore point with both grandparents that neither Alice nor Henry have been baptized.

The potential restriction of physician income is a major sore point.

This is a sore spot with me.

Tom gently washed Willie's body again and smoothed witch-hazel on to the sore spots.

stick to the point/subject/facts

"Please stick to the facts," said the judge.

But caution is required where miracles come into play; let us stick to the facts.

Try to stick to the subject of the row rather than bringing up 25 years' worth of misdemeanours.

subject to contract

touchy subject/question etc

He also knew the answers to some touchy questions.

Morris's lasting influence is a touchy subject at the White House.

You know money is a touchy subject with me.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

Subjects for this experiment represented a good cross-section of the American population.

All subjects were tested for perfect hearing before the experiment began.

Bottle-collecting even has a website devoted to the subject .

English was my favourite subject at school.

Half of the subjects were given caffeine.

He has very little to say on the subject of the accusations made against him.

History was my favorite subject in school.

I could see John was embarrassed, so I changed the subject .

I read a lot of books about astronomy. It's a very interesting subject .

The first book on the subject was published in 1900.

This is getting us nowhere. Let's just drop the subject , okay?

Truffaut's childhood memories were the subject of his first film.

Until about 20 years ago, the subject of the environment was hardly discussed.

We talked about all sorts of subjects.

What subjects are you studying?

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

As we have seen, this second chance to debate the subject of dissension within the community was also rejected.

But his subjects refused to sit still, disappearing into cellars and doorways.

Each subject is given a number.

I asked some human beings, people who had studied the subject for years, and they did not know.

Instead, she took a job as a maid - the subject of her first book, One Pair of Hands.

Revision is necessary to make provision for emerging subjects.

So many antiques that Architectural Digest magazine devoted a lengthy article to the subject in its November issue.

The brewing group has been the subject of intense speculation for decades.

II. adjective

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ NOUN

peoples

The awakening of national consciousness amongst the subject peoples was a major factor in undermining the power of the sultans.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

broach the subject/question/matter etc

But what was still troubling her was the fact that she had still not broached the subject of Janice.

He broached the matter carefully while Marshall put a match to some logs in the grate.

I never broached the subject with him again.

It was half a year, he thought, since she had last broached the subject of his bachelor status.

It was nine o'clock and they had been driven in by the mosquitoes before he broached the subject of the night before.

Now, popular magazines regularly broach the subject.

Popular magazines now broach the subject of mental illness, while the government is encouraging research into mental health.

When, two months later, Father van Exem broached the subject, the Archbishop was actually quite upset about the idea.

exhaust a subject/topic etc

keep to the point/subject etc

Come straight to the point and keep to the point are the golden rules of letter writing.

De Quincey was no master of keeping to the point.

Nothing is more irritating than people who do not keep to the point and talk for too long.

stick to the point/subject/facts

"Please stick to the facts," said the judge.

But caution is required where miracles come into play; let us stick to the facts.

Try to stick to the subject of the row rather than bringing up 25 years' worth of misdemeanours.

subject to contract

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

Marx maintained that in all class societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class.

III. verb

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ NOUN

abuse

They subjected her to verbal abuse .

He was subjected to constant abuse by his older brother.

Hands often age first-subjected to constant abuse , they're usually neglected when applying moisturiser or sun cream.

analysis

Second, it is more difficult to draw strong inferences from these data since they can not be subjected to statistical analysis .

Second, a decrease in both supply and demand can be subjected to similar analysis .

Completed questionnaires of 786 middle-class men were subjected to comprehensive statistical analysis .

Now it is 4, which is to be subjected to harmonic analysis .

Accordingly, two entire trials for each pairing were subjected to detailed analysis .

The mass is assumed to be inactive politically and is rarely subjected to detailed analysis .

The case has been subjected to analysis by the House of Lords in the more unfriendly climate of the 1980s.

In addition, each cost area examined was subjected to a causal analysis .

attack

I said I would be happy to talk to anyone but I refused to be subjected to personal attack .

child

They were explicitly aimed at the unrespectable poor, subjecting their children to the full disciplinary regime of the new training schools.

criticism

Throughout the session Li's report was subjected to almost unprecedented criticism from delegates.

The monarchists and conservatives claimed that all national and public figures and their acts should always be subject to scrutiny and criticism .

In Parliament and outside, the distinction between capital and non-capital murders was subjected to much criticism .

Tensions within liberalism Classical liberalism has been subjected to severe criticism both from conservatives and communitarians.

Witnesses who cooperate with tabloids in return for money often find themselves subjected to withering criticism if they are called into court.

harassment

No one should be subjected to verbal harassment , just as no one should be threatened with physical violence.

ordeal

That night I was again subjected to the ordeal by wedding dress.

Hundreds of generations of goats have been subjected to these ordeals each winter, and the best adapted animals have survived.

pressure

To what extent are club doctors subject to pressure to agree to players playing while injured?

The providers of domestic, portering and ward ancillary staff are also subjected to pressure from staff for the peak-holiday periods.

Prosecution witnesses were allegedly tortured or subjected to other pressure to fabricate evidence against them.

To be governed is to be subjected to the regular pressure of an authority operating according to fixed rules.

process

Here we were subjected to a process of pounding and separating, carding and spinning.

review

The articles amount to premature judgment of an issue that has yet to be subjected to valid peer review .

It would also enable sentencing practice to be monitored and subjected to regular review .

scrutiny

Bringing these out in the open and subjecting them to scrutiny and analysis will yield fruitful results.

The monarchists and conservatives claimed that all national and public figures and their acts should always be subject to scrutiny and criticism.

Nothing is taken for granted, everything at every period is subjected to searching scrutiny .

All bibliographical information provided by suppliers to libraries should be subjected to close scrutiny .

It is a disgrace that Government Departments are not subjected to the same scrutiny and punishments.

The design of each of the new qualifications is currently being subjected to intensive scrutiny and consultation.

However, it is clear from these three papers that the Continental traditions themselves need to be subjected to feminist scrutiny .

It means only that ideas both given and new will be subjected to scrutiny and not simply accepted on trust.

test

How many members of this crew have ever been subjected to a polygraph test ?

The bureau had rejected recommendations that its agents be subjected to polygraph tests more often.

As regards Bob's liability for the damage to Alan's car, the exclusionary notice would be subjected to a reasonableness test .

However, there are certain peripheral types of semantic constituent which can not be directly subjected to the test .

torture

Mum was subjected to water torture for three weeks running.

Barbara was subjected to heinous torture , yet reftised to disavow her faith.

treatment

Few complete bodies were subjected to this treatment as it was a time-consuming and expensive exercise.

Laidlaw was spun round and the Arab checked his rope then he was pushed aside and Graham subjected to the same treatment .

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

core curriculum/subjects/skills etc

And it was certainly an improvement on my thoughts about the core curriculum.

Every student must pass through an extensive core curriculum, including courses such as World Humanities 101.

In designing the programme, we have tried to emphasise the vocational aspects of the core skills modules wherever possible.

In schools that expect all students to take a core curriculum, students achieve more.

In the school system, aspects of core skills were present in the Munn curriculum, introduced in the late 1970s.

Once in the classroom the teacher is restricted by the core curriculum and general workload and lack of equipment.

This could be construed as a tailor-made curriculum, which can not be developed into a generic or core curriculum.

pet project/theory/subject

Both grants represented pet projects of two council subcommittee members.

Different chemists prefer different pet theories, and there is no shortage of theories.

Even as the trajectory of his thought kept rising in the early seventies, the clock was ticking on his pet project.

Even those Hippocratic treatises which inveigh against Presocratic dogmatism are themselves just as dogmatic where their own pet theories are concerned.

His pet project is a biotechnology institute in which state funding will be matched by contributions from the Schering drug company.

Monitoring the telephone conversations of the Kremlin hierarchy had become one of his pet projects over the last few years.

No organization likes being told that it has got to hold back its expansion or abandon some pet project.

The proposals are seen as a pet project of the right wing of the Conservative Party and Conservative students' groups.

sore point/spot/subject (with sb)

And now she had pierced her again in this sore spot.

Finally, there are plans to provide custodians a sore point to enable the churches to open for two hours a day.

Graduate entry with resultant opportunities for promotion was then - as now - an especially sore point.

It is still a sore point with both grandparents that neither Alice nor Henry have been baptized.

The potential restriction of physician income is a major sore point.

This is a sore spot with me.

Tom gently washed Willie's body again and smoothed witch-hazel on to the sore spots.

subject to contract

touchy subject/question etc

He also knew the answers to some touchy questions.

Morris's lasting influence is a touchy subject at the White House.

You know money is a touchy subject with me.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

Because they lead somewhat unusual lives, college teachers are often subjected to this type of elaborate caricature.

Exhaust gases are then subjected to an air injection which encourages unburnt fuel to ignite in the exhaust manifold.

Most authors of political business cycle models subject their models to econometric or other forms of testing.

Physiological mechanisms which control the population dynamics are also subject to variation and selection.

Responses to natural challenges thus continually free humanity from its environment and at the same time subject it to the resultant solutions.

The only sign of this disorder is the splitting of albumin into two distinct bands when serum is subjected to electrophoresis.

To what extent are club doctors subject to pressure to agree to players playing while injured?

Longman DOCE5 Extras English vocabulary.      Дополнительный английский словарь Longman DOCE5.